This might make the question easier to answer and may be helpful/interesting to others. I have slammed torpedoes into everything you can slam a torpedo into and recorded how much damage it does. So for answering the question all you need to do now is copy that and delete that which you don't need and put a number next to the ship classes that can launch fighters. If it's not too much trouble.
Sha’Kar (Transport) - 100%
Dukara (Troop Transport) - 100%
Kamrani (Corvette) - 100%
Zakhari (Frigate) - 100%
Ralarrad (Light Destroyer) - 100%
Ralaxath (Heavy Destroyer) - 70%
Fralath (Light Cruiser) - 100%
Fralthi II (Heavy Cruiser) - 52%
Dubav (Light Carrier) - 49%
Bhantkara (Heavy Carrier) - 33.33%
Hvar’Kann (Dreadnought) - 10%
Orbital Station - 22%
Asteroid Base - 22%
Command Station - 17.5%
Dry Dock - 17.5%
Prowler - 100%
Clarkson (Transport) - 100%
Pelileu (Troop Transport) - 54%
Venture (Corvette) - 100%
Caernevon (Frigate) - 100%
Southampton (Destroyer) - 86%
Savannah (Light Cruiser) - 48.5%
Tallahassee (Heavy Cruiser) - 43%
Harrier (Automated Carrier?) - 55%
Yorktown (Light Carrier) - 43%
Jutland (Carrier) - 26%
Lexington (Heavy Carrier) - 23.25%
Confederation (Dreadnought) - 26%
Behemoth - 26%
Supply Depot - 44%
Naval Base - 7.25%
Sector HQ - 7.25%
The Kilrathi have much to learn about building vessels with sturdy hull integrity I think