You are running Diaspora with an Intel graphics card, which unfortunately is not supported.
Initializing OpenGL graphics device at 1360x768 with 32-bit color...
Initializing WGL...
Requested WGL Video values = R: 8, G: 8, B: 8, depth: 24, stencil: 8, double-buffer: 1
Actual WGL Video values = R: 8, G: 8, B: 8, depth: 24, stencil: 8, double-buffer: 1
OpenGL Vendor : Intel
OpenGL Renderer : Intel(R) HD Graphics 4000
OpenGL Version : 4.0.0 - Build 9.17.10.2857
Does your laptop have dual video cards? From a quick websearch it doesn't look like it does, but just in case, may be able to force Diaspora to use your nVidia/AMD card using the appropriate video control panel.
If that doesn't work, try turning off post-processing in the launcher (Advanced Settings tab -> Graphics section -> uncheck Enable Post Processing)
If that also doesn't work, you could try disabling all shader support (Advanced Settings tab -> Troubleshoot section -> check Disable OpenGL (shader) support)