I'm not saying there's anything even close to a plot hole here (there isn't), but I'm a bit confused about the GTVA's strategy in the war, as well as the UEF's lack of replenishing or building up their forces.
For the GTVA:
1) A lot of their justifications and goals for invading Sol are now being rendered moot by their own actions. They're destroying Sol's infrastructure and industrial base, angering and psychologically hurting the entirety of the UEF and its culture, and killing a whole lot of people that would otherwise be able to contribute to the economy and defense of all humans and vasudans.
2) If the GTVA is enacting total war protocols and is fully willing to sustain heavy casualties and do a lot of damage in order to end the war quickly and decisively, why are they still only sending just enough ships/assets to achieve parity with the UEF, instead of briefly surging in with overwhelming force and numbers?
3) Why not put a bunch of new ships in Sol and then immediately engage in a diplomatic resolution? Their initial terms were ludicrous, and they didn't seem to try very hard in pressing for those terms. If the UEF is truly pacifistic, terms that stopped short of outlawing their entire way of life would probably work.
4) The GTVA, on all levels, should know by now that the UEF is far from pacifistic and antimilitary. Even during the isolationist period, when pirates and small insurrectionist groups were the only perceived threat, the UEF military was quite strong and innovative. The UEF continues to hold its own against the GTVA, even after total war protocols are enacted. If the UEF's culture and governmental system is antimilitary and pacifistic, there is no way the war would be in the state it is right now, or even close. At this point, even some minor concessions from the UEF could achieve the ideal goals of the GTVA in exchange for ending the war (my first guess would be removing all executive and official authority from the Council of Elders, as well as giving a decent increase to military spending). And how could Ubuntu officials (or their constituents) be antimilitary and weak-on-defense in the face of what happened with the NTF and (especially) the Second Shivan Incursion? They wouldn't have any argument--Shivans are totally xenocidal, alien, and overwhelmingly powerful, and have never tried nor responded to any forms of diplomacy or even communication.
For the UEF:
1) I get that there's some big secret project going on, but it seems that only Earth is dedicating major resources to it. So why, then, has the UEF not really replaced any of its losses (save for some Uhlans and Kents), or bolstered its military even in a time of great need? If the Elders wanted to pursue a diplomatic solution to the war, it still doesn't make sense, as having a better navy gives you an edge in negotiations, and would allow for reasonable terms to end the war.
2) Why aren't any of the Solaris destroyers deployed more often? I understand the concept of "fleet-in-being", but only the Atreus (and later the Imperiouse, I guess) could hope to stand up to a Solaris, even with escorts. If you were to leave several Karunas and/or Narayanas back "home" for defense, sortying a Solaris to take out a GTVA Hecate that's lacking in fighter cover and complement and protected by a few older escorts would be a major defensive victory. A Solaris is capable of jumping to any point in Sol in a few minutes' notice, and can jump back in about as much time--and unlike Karunas, Solaris' have pretty good durability.
3) Why does no one outside of Admiral Byrne and the Council of Elders seem to know what this secret project is? Even Calder and Netreba don't seem to know at all, which baffles me. If its such a huge project that it takes enormous resources and assets from their navy and spacecraft, how could it possibly be secret to the highest officers in the UEF? Especially since the Elders aren't supposed to have that kind of authority (huge short-term expenditures at the expense of critical, immediate needs).
4) Why didn't First and Second fleets help out the Third Fleet much in the first 18 months of the war? I may have gotten the wrong impression, but surely preventing the fall of 1/3rd (or more) of Sol and the capture and/or destruction of a huge chunk of Sol's infrastructure or supplies leave Earth and Mars far more open than sending a few frigates (or a single Solaris)? Besides, the GTVA hadn't activated total war protocols yet, so why the disproportional fear?
5) About the Meridian strike--a carrier was wide open and overextended, covered only by a few older escort ships and a few wings of craft. Why would First, Second, and Third fleets only send a combined force of 2 Karunas, 2 Uriels, and a wing of bombers? Why not sortie a Solaris to outright kill the destroyer? Or deploy a wing of those Fleet Bombers, escorted by a wing of the White Knights (or whatever they're called), to knock out the Meridian's engines in order to achieve a destroyer kill?
And a general question:
1) Why would the Gaian Effort side with the GTVA? Isn't the UEF much more aligned with their ideals and continued existence after the war? And isn't the UEF a lot more environmentally friendly, too?
I may just totally missed or misinterpreted certain things, but these questions kept coming back to the forefront of my mind when playing/watching WiH. And while I do understand that some of these questions may be meant to be answered in the second part of WiH, it is quite jarring and perplexing to me in the mean time, and these events happened in the timeline of the first part of WiH, so...
Any answers would be greatly appreciated.