The Lucifer's shields are said to be "impervious, not merely resistant" to Great War-era weaponry.
Not sure about the poor earthers, but the GTVA's beam weapons should bypass them, right.
On a side note, a shielded lucifer is present in the Tides of Darkness campaign (one where you fly in shivan ships, but for various plot hole-forming reasons you end up fighting it despite that). For the hell of it, I entered cheat mode and swapped out my craft's weapons for some of the strongest non-beam weapons I could find.
Some of them were powerful enough that the Lucifer's shields actually weakened and disappeared after blasting away at it for a minute or two. Either that campaign set lower shield levels on the Luci during the missions its shields were up then Freespace did, or the original Freespace campaign simply has MUCH weaker cheat-weapons available.
Either way, I suppose its rather moot to speak about this example in the context of what is actually canon, between the questionable nature of that campaign and the fact that it is definitely NOT canon for fighters to be flying around blasting shivan super lasers all over the place. Though the most fun thing to replace your weapons with IMO is standard flak.