*snip long discussion of beams and planetary frying*
Most of this is pretty much correct; however, there are a few points I would like to add. If the beam plasma is from the main reactor core, the beam should be absolutely blinding; remember we're not dealing with temperatures like the surface of the Sun but the
core of the Sun, which is about 1.5E7 K instead of 5780 K, or about four orders of magnitude higher. This puts its blackbody peak somewhere in the gamma region, and the optical output would look deep blue and fry everyone's eyeballs within about 100 km (note that I mean that quite literally...). Not to mention the Bremsstrahlung. Given the visuals do not support this in the least, either a) the plasma cools off something fierce during the channelling from the reactor core, or b) the plasma does not come from the reactor core, but rather another place (one of the cooling loops, perhaps?). Either that, or the cockpit windows on fighters aren't actually transparent, but are screens of some kind, and the computer produces all the visual and aural stimuli the pilot receives.
Throwing subspace in the mix to make the magnetic bottle is a good move, because such long cylinders of magnetic field away from any source are not possible in reality.
With regards to the planetary bombardment Vasuda Prime received, it happened what, 50 years ago by the time of BP? 32 years until the Second Incursion, and then another 20 or so until the construction of Sol Gate, right? Most of the radioactive isotopes produced would be gone by that point (the fallout produced by a nuclear weapon is pretty representative of what would be generated in this instance), so the remaining damage would be the sheer amount of energy pumped into the planet. We are given that the Shivans bombarded the planet for 13 hours, with probably 100 or so ships (SWAG, just so you know). The Lucifer would have made up most of the broadside; I'll assume it has half the energy output of a Sathanas, or about 60 GT every 10 seconds. The rest of the Shivan fleet probably just matches this, so call it ~10 GT per second being dumped on the surface. This makes the total amount of energy dropped on Vasuda Prime about 500,000 GT, or 500 teratons. For reference, the K-T asteroid released about 100 TT of energy. Therefore, as an approximate model, we can imagine what would happen if the Shivans merely dropped five 10 mile wide rocks on the planet instead. While the craters would probably still be molten 50 years later, the surface would by no means be uninhabitable, or even completely sterilized; after all, about 50% of Earth species survived the K-T event. Perhaps the Vasudans simply didn't want to bother, or wanted it left as a monument to the fallen or something like that.
I can't even begin to describe the behaviour of a gas under such an impulse. Essentially the magnetic field would form a bottling effect under normal circumstances, but it is entirely possible that you'd get outgassing in one direction, or you may even get some of the plasma travelling DOWN the other beam. Which would be self defeating. Everything I know about electromagnetism suggests the fields would keep propagating with only local disturbance so you'd get a brief interference/discontinuity.
I'll get back to you on that. The equations for modelling that kind of behaivour are.. unpleasant, if I remember right.
They needn't be. Just remember that
B is a vector field, so the total field is found via simple vector addition. What you would want to do to disable the beam is provide an equal and opposite magnetic field, which would exactly cancel out the one the beam cannon is making. If their targeting is accurate enough, disabling beam cannons would be simple; simply aim your cannons at theirs, turn them on, and supply no plasma. Even if it is not a perfectly aligned shot, it should still provide enough of a disruption to either severely reduce the beam power reaching its target or deflect the beam away from its intended target. Of course, you would want to make sure you are producing a field with the right helical spin; otherwise, you would create a chanelling effect bringing the beam right to your doorstep. The reason we never see something like this is because the targeting systems on capital ship beam weapons just aren't accurate enough to do this kind of thing.
Here's an idea for the BP staff: if the UEF develop and/or capture beam cannons, maybe they could realize this and slave targeting to an AWACS vessel or something. Maybe that would provide data accurate enough to pull this off. It would make for an interesting mission, and make protecting your AWACS even more critical.