The Colossus would survive because of the beam cannons slowing down the Repulse, and the size of the Colossus playing a large factor. Only a portion of the front section would be hit by the smaller Repulse Destroyer. That, and the Repulse would need far more momentum to penetrate the amount of hull. It's a billion tonnes going at maybe 20 m/s hitting a trillion tonne warship moving minimally backwards due to the beam (Third Law).
Time for a nice, fun lesson in masses and densities. Current ships are not really all that heavy, when you think about it. The modern aircraft carrier displaces what,
400,000 101,600 (off high) tonnes (source: Wikipedia, ship:
Gerald Ford class carrier, scheduled for 2015)? The carrier is slated to be almost exactly 1/3rd of a kilometer long, and 41 m wide (unable to find height. Reasonable estimate: 50 m). An Orion is, what, 2 kilometers long? Call the width 100 m, and height 300?. If both were just big boxes, almost 88 carriers would fit into an Orion, which I actually doubt on the face of it (682,650 m
3 for a carrier, 60,000,000 m
3 for an Orion?). I need to get actual measurements for an Orion, since it
isn't completely a box. Anyway, that equates to about 9.3 million tonnes, not a gigantic number of billions. Using the cutscene on the Colossus, 12 Orions could fit inside its hull. That equates to just under 111.8 million tons. However, that could be off by orders of magnitude due to lack of known average density, internal open spaces, and actual, complete dimensions and volumes.