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Hosted Projects - FS2 Required => Blue Planet => Topic started by: General Battuta on January 30, 2014, 12:06:36 pm

Title: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: General Battuta on January 30, 2014, 12:06:36 pm
I thought this might help answer a few common questions.

Strategy and Tactics
The Size of the Terran Fleet
Ten NTF destroyers are mentioned in FreeSpace 2. (All are destroyed.) We know that Bosch took most of the Sixth Fleet over to the NTF, then gathered defectors from the neighboring systems - which we can impute as the Seventh, Eighth, and maybe Ninth fleets. Bosch had access to shipyards and any mothballed or recently decommissioned hulls (we know from dialogue in FS2 that some Great War era Orions were being decommissioned.) This gives us a realistic NTF fleet size of ~10-13 destroyers. This was adequate to present a strategic threat to the GTVA on the defensive.

By assuming that Bosch did not gather the whole strength of the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th fleets but did secure the majority, and that some of his strength came from yards and mothballs, we can divide ~12 destroyers across 3 or 4 fleets to get a density of 3-4 destroyers per fleet.

The range of canonical fleet names, from Second to Twelfth, supplies us with a speculative minimum full size of the Terran fleet, assuming continuity. From this value we generate a total of 33-44 destroyers as of the FS2 era, with a presumable bias towards the lower end because it's doubtful each Fleet is a full-strength formation. This jives nicely with the NTF's size of 10-13 ships and the relative threat it poses to the GTVA: the Terran GTVA would have 20-odd destroyers remaining. 10 Terran GTVA destroyers are named in FS2.

By the time of Blue Planet, the Terran fleet has expanded, but we must also account for losses during the events of FreeSpace 2.




Logistical Limits - 3-5 GTVA Destroyers in Sol
The GTVA's ability to support its forward deployed warships is canonically limited.

The 242nd will escort a supply convoy as it makes its rendezvous with the GTVA Colossus. As we prepare the Colossus for the allied counterattack, we must handle the logistics of supplying and maintaining this warship. Convoys of transports, gas miners, and freighters have been deployed for this purpose.

The Colossus is obviously an extreme case, but nonetheless, it provides an abject example of the consequences of failure to guard logistical lines:

The NTF decimated our supply convoys, forcing Command to withdraw the Colossus and postpone our offensive against Admiral Koth and the Repulse. Your convoy lost all three vessels, a dismal failure by any measure.

The news from the capital in Beta Aquilae is not good. Support for a negotiated settlement is growing in the Security Council, even with the Colossus now operational. Opponents of the Colossus program denounce the project as a monstrosity prone to logistical failure. For Admiral Petrarch and the Aquitaine, this outcome could not be more disastrous.


The GTVA's ability to sustain its forces in a system is limited, in the Starcraft 'construct additional pylons' sense, by the speed and safety with which logistical assets can reach the front lines. The Great Umbilicus into Sol, combined with captured local assets, can sustain fuel and war materiel for 3-5 destroyers. Piling additional destroyers into the system would lead to starvation and scarcity, with a concomitant net reduction in combat effectiveness. The exception comes for strategic 'surges', in which deployments are limited to the short term.

These numbers line up with the quantity of GTVA destroyers we see directly engaged in combat operations in both theaters:

Nebula
Delacroix (destroyed after deployment), Aquitaine

Psamtik, Toeris, Memphis

Capella (note that this is a friendly system, densely populated by GTVA standards, with fleet infrastructure)
Colossus, Messana, Phoenicia, Vengeance, Carthage (BP also puts the Carthage in the nebular theater), Aquitaine

Zednanreh

Civil War (note, again that this theater spans multiple fronts, but the target systems are much less friendly)
Aeneas, Aquitaine, Colossus

Psamtik, Chnum

(presumably more)

These values suggest that the GTVA is unable to sustain many destroyers in a hostile system as of FS2. Some unmentioned destroyers may be present, but the numbers line up with the BP targets.




The Size of the UEF Economy

The Terran-Vasudan War, 14 years long, began almost immediately after first contact, and given the relative density of the node network, the interval between the discovery of node travel and first contact with the Vasudans was probably not long. From this we can conclude that the Terran species has, as of BP2, probably had interstellar travel for less than 100 years. Canonical information suggests that colonization programs pushed on during the war.

Capella is a 'densely populated system' by GTVA standards, with 250 million citizens. Earth has a population of 7 billion in the 21st century. If every single system in the GTVA was populated by 250 million humans, including Vasudan systems, the total human population of the GTVA would be ~7,250,000,000, or ~7 billion.

Earth's growth has doubtless slowed, but we must also account for the fact that Sol's colonies were developed before interstellar settlement and had time to populate. It is therefore almost mathematically inevitable that Earth's population alone exceeds that of the rest of the Terran GTVA, and that Sol's infrastructure, guided by Ubuntu computational models and untouched by the post-Capella depression, outmatches the GTVA's as a whole. But Ubuntu has not militarized its economy as reliably and determinedly as the GTVA, so its raw military output may not be easily comparable.

These simple differences in magnitude explain part of the GTVA's difficulty in bringing the war to a rapid resolution, as well as the Alliance's fear of the long-term soft power of the Federation.




Active Armor, Beam Overloads, and Jump Clocks

As early as FreeSpace 1, Terran technology apparently included miniaturized shields - the FS1 Stiletto is a shielded missile. Rather than simple passive armor or even the collapsed-core molybdenum of the Capella era, Blue Planet warships use a layered ecology of defensive subsystems that can adapt and respond to defeat incoming attacks: active armor.

Armor subsystems include dispersants to defeat beam attack, conformal plasma jets to degrade shot packaging, programmable colloidal suspensions that can detect and react to kinetic impacts, layers of sophisticated ceramic and other material, shield lamina that run across and through the ship's armor, and coagulant that can reinforce and even scab over damaged sections. The effectiveness of a warship's armor varies with the power allocated, the sensors available for defensive awareness, the effectiveness of enemy ECM and targeting - since FreeSpace 1 primary weapons have used sophisticated fire control to optimize their damage, as per the FS1 Prometheus - and the warship's heat load. A warship's toughness may change dynamically over the course of a mission as the ECM environment and the ship's own power allocation vary.

Beam overloads were demonstrated by the Colossus in FreeSpace 2. They are connected to another vital area of warship systems: heat accumulation and dissipation. Heat is a major concern for FreeSpace warships, whose massive internal volume and energetic systems create vast amounts of thermal waste. Ships must pace themselves in order to avoid catastrophic accumulations. Power, too, is a major concern, and the allocation of power is a key element of yet another vital system: the warship's jump drive.

A successful jump requires two primary factors - a charged jump drive and a navigational fix. Navigational fixes require computation and sensory assets. Selecting a course through subspace requires a ship to factor the relationship between a star system's physical configuration and the turbulent, loosely coupled topology of subspace. Because subspace responds unpredictably to energetic events and responds complexly to small changes in position or mass, jump solutions decay rapidly. Additional computation and power can be expended to improve a jump's precision.

Charging a jump drive is an expensive operation, and it oftens demands enough of a warship's power to negatively impact combat performance. Commanders face a choice between a committed engagement and the ability to withdraw. A jump drive can be flashed - a planned operation in which the drive is hot-loaded through a special secondary system, usually at considerable physical and energetic cost. Flashing a jump drive is a capability limited to certain vessels, generally only in situations of military emergency. Sprint drives take this technology one step further, incorporating multiple subspace components in parallel so that the drive can be rapidly cycled. 

A ship can also make a crash jump - a jump without a complete navigational solution, or with a rough navigational solution but an incomplete charge. These jumps are hazardous, both because subspace trajectories are often distorted by concentrations of mass and because an incorrectly calculated or executed jump can cause enormous structural strain.

Any warship commander fighting her ship faces a nearly zero-sum choice between four priorities: engaging the enemy, powering defensive systems, charging the jump drive, and dissipating waste heat.

The Shivans

Nagari
One of the primary referents for the Nagari process is the FS1 outro, where Alpha 1 has explicitly experienced all the Ancient monologues, and then describes additional knowledge of Shivans even beyond what's described in those monologues ('the Shivans can rebuild them'.) It's very odd that Alpha 1 has access to this information, since the Ancients are only linked to the Shivans in 'Reaching the Zenith', and the information isn't decoded until before 'Clash of the Titans', immediately before the race to stop the Lucifer. It's possible that Alpha 1's fighter carried copies of these Ancient recordings and that he (canonically he) watched them once reaching Earth, and that these records also described the Shivans rebuilding collapsed nodes. BP takes another tack, however, sticking to the canonical chronology of the Ancient cutscenes, and connecting Alpha 1's odd experiences to Lieutenant Ash, ETAK, and the Hammer of Light.

The Ancients

The FS1 Ancient cutscenes make it explicit that the Ancients expanded into space before discovering subspace: in fact, they filled up every accessible system. This implies a subluminal empire of vast extent, perhaps achieved through methods like seedships, von Neumann probes, or slowboat colonies. The Ancients may well have filled up the Milky Way - or at least some fraction - before going superluminal: they have literally nowhere else to go. On the other hand, some of the wording implies they still had chunks of the Milky Way to reach via subspace.

When they discovered subspace, the Ancients then made first contact and immediately began a program of xenocide, destroying at least one species within months. Contact with the Shivans followed sometime (?) thereafter. The Ancient empire at its peak spanned multiple galaxies - subspace gave them the galaxy and the universe.

The ramifications for Ancient culture are enormous: they must have existed for thousands of years as spacefarers before discovering subspace, but once they did xenocide was instantaneous and apparently inevitable. Subluminal colonies imply heterogeneity. One wonders what happened to those Ancients who were not on the colony that discovered subspace: were they assimilated into the expanding empire, or targeted and purged? What kind of mindset could drive this species?
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: MatthTheGeek on January 30, 2014, 12:42:36 pm
The FS1 Ancient cutscenes make it explicit that the Ancients expanded into space before discovering subspace: in fact, they filled up every accessible system.
We've already talked about this. You're assuming your own litteral-ish interpretation of the Ancients is "explicit" enough, when the canonicity of half the stuff in FS1 is already debatable, let alone vague transcriptions from long-gone aliens.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: General Battuta on January 30, 2014, 12:43:36 pm
This thread's a great place for discussion, but these are the Blue Planet interpretations of the available canonical information.

Updated with info on Sol's population and economics.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: InsaneBaron on January 30, 2014, 01:40:50 pm
The commentary on the Ancients cutscenes raises an interesting question. If Alpha 1 is picking these visions up via Nagari, who's transmitting them? Are they simply "residual signals" from the Ancients themselves? Is some other power deliberately sending him these messages?
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: General Battuta on February 01, 2014, 12:03:49 am
Updated with information on warship systems.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: QuakeIV on February 01, 2014, 02:00:21 am
The commentary on the Ancients cutscenes raises an interesting question. If Alpha 1 is picking these visions up via Nagari, who's transmitting them? Are they simply "residual signals" from the Ancients themselves? Is some other power deliberately sending him these messages?

Perhaps an entity along the lines of ken.  Some anima probing around and transmitting information at things to see what happens.  [/blatant conjecture]
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: InsaneBaron on February 01, 2014, 07:56:05 am
Perhaps the Vishnans did it themselves?

There's been a theory proposed, I forget by who, that the "main" FS universe could be an experiment. The Vishnans told the Shivans: "Ok, in this universe, we want the Humans to survive so we can experiment with creating a utopian society that could eventually yield us a replacement for the Brahmans. Oh, and could you isolate Sol here?"

The Shivans then "let" the Humans succeed at Good Luck (or at least gave the Humans a good chance).

To this end, either Vishnu or Shiva may have given "hints" to one Terran pilot. Not only would this have helped the Humans survive... remember that Alpha 1 ended up in Sol. His insights appear to have helped Mandho and the elders organize Ubuntu- in fact, he seems to have been among the founders of the Fedayeen.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: General Battuta on November 04, 2014, 04:37:31 pm
I should add the weird canonical fact that jump nodes do not seem to obey classical orbital behavior! You can deduce this by comparing the position of the nodes in 'High Noon' to later missions featuring the same nodes.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: -Norbert- on November 05, 2014, 06:12:33 am
To this end, either Vishnu or Shiva may have given "hints" to one Terran pilot. Not only would this have helped the Humans survive... remember that Alpha 1 ended up in Sol. His insights appear to have helped Mandho and the elders organize Ubuntu- in fact, he seems to have been among the founders of the Fedayeen.

If that was the case, they'd have to do more than only send Alpha 1 those "cutscenes", since the information about Shivan shields not working came not from the visions, but from the data-archive that the Vasudans scientists found on some planet (was it Aldebaran?).

They'd have to at the very least also manipulate someone into going to that place and maybe they were even the ones who put the data there to begin with, along with enough other clues to make sure that the Terrans and Vasuands would be able to translate it.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rhys on November 05, 2014, 06:46:30 am
I should add the weird canonical fact that jump nodes do not seem to obey classical orbital behavior! You can deduce this by comparing the position of the nodes in 'High Noon' to later missions featuring the same nodes.

Theoretically, could a jump node could have the possibility of being within a planet for a short period of time? A destroyer could jump into a planet and explode from either crushing gravity or just falling to the ground and exploding. Fun.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: headdie on November 05, 2014, 07:04:13 am
I should add the weird canonical fact that jump nodes do not seem to obey classical orbital behavior! You can deduce this by comparing the position of the nodes in 'High Noon' to later missions featuring the same nodes.

you stated in the section about the realities of jump drives that subspace has its own laws which are only loosely related to our interpretation of space, Extrapolating this to the Inter system scale I imagine that this effect is greatly magnified.

Additionally with some speculation you could think of jump nodes as regions rather than points with one or perhaps more optimal points within that region (marked with the node marker) though in this scenario Missions like FS1's Exodus (http://www.hard-light.net/wiki/index.php/Briefing_texts_(FS1-Act3)#Exodus) would need examining
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on November 05, 2014, 10:44:39 am
To this end, either Vishnu or Shiva may have given "hints" to one Terran pilot. Not only would this have helped the Humans survive... remember that Alpha 1 ended up in Sol. His insights appear to have helped Mandho and the elders organize Ubuntu- in fact, he seems to have been among the founders of the Fedayeen.

If that was the case, they'd have to do more than only send Alpha 1 those "cutscenes", since the information about Shivan shields not working came not from the visions, but from the data-archive that the Vasudans scientists found on some planet (was it Aldebaran?).
First, it was Altair. Secondly, the knowledge came from both:
Quote from: Ancients 5 cutscene
In subspace, they cannot use their shields. And into subspace they can be tracked.

Perhaps the Vishnans did it themselves?

There's been a theory proposed, I forget by who, that the "main" FS universe could be an experiment. The Vishnans told the Shivans: "Ok, in this universe, we want the Humans to survive so we can experiment with creating a utopian society that could eventually yield us a replacement for the Brahmans. Oh, and could you isolate Sol here?"

The Shivans then "let" the Humans succeed at Good Luck (or at least gave the Humans a good chance).

To this end, either Vishnu or Shiva may have given "hints" to one Terran pilot. Not only would this have helped the Humans survive... remember that Alpha 1 ended up in Sol. His insights appear to have helped Mandho and the elders organize Ubuntu- in fact, he seems to have been among the founders of the Fedayeen.
I don't know how likely this is, but it may be worth keeping in mind this exchange from UT2:
Spoiler:
Laporte: "Why didn't the Lucifer abandon its attack once we allied with the Vasudans?"
Ken: "There is no consideration for good intentions in the Shivan protocol. Strength earns survival. We defeated the Lucifer through cooperation, and so the Lucifer achieved its mission."
Shivan Node: "external heuristic injection: mandate node severance fallback. force binary isolation/extinction outcome"
Laporte: "External heuristic injection...? What's external to the Shivans?"
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Gee1337 on November 05, 2014, 04:00:07 pm
I've not read through all the posts but as some food for thought regarding heat disappation...

As we all know, energy cannot be used but only transformed from one form to another. So, we have the heat energy given off by beam weapons overloading. Why not convert the heat energy, into kinetic energy to turn a dynamo which can in turn transfer the kinetic energy back into electrical energy to power the jump drives, or to provide more power to other systems. (whether this is realistic/possible... perhaps someone could shed some light here)

As a thought for the above, maybe the UEF could take the above principle as it reverse engineers parts of the Carthage and the logistics ship that were captured, and put the above theory into practice for a new UEF Super Destroyer which could turn the tide of battle against the GTVA.

Discuss! :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: headdie on November 05, 2014, 04:40:49 pm
I've not read through all the posts but as some food for thought regarding heat disappation...

As we all know, energy cannot be used but only transformed from one form to another. So, we have the heat energy given off by beam weapons overloading. Why not convert the heat energy, into kinetic energy to turn a dynamo which can in turn transfer the kinetic energy back into electrical energy to power the jump drives, or to provide more power to other systems. (whether this is realistic/possible... perhaps someone could shed some light here)

As a thought for the above, maybe the UEF could take the above principle as it reverse engineers parts of the Carthage and the logistics ship that were captured, and put the above theory into practice for a new UEF Super Destroyer which could turn the tide of battle against the GTVA.

Discuss! :)

As a concept it is sexy as hell, I mean you have a solution that not only fixes your heat management issues but also provides a way of feeding energy back into the system which skirts very close to Deus Ex machina territory, but like Deus Ex machina when you start to examine it closely its a little too perfect, especially when it meets reality

firstly it is impossible to convert energy 100% and most processes involve heat as the largest component of waste energy

Secondly you are not just needing to manage the big stuff like weapons but also the little stuff like the soft squidgy things that walk around you 2 km long warship which individually produce a relatively small amount of heat but as an overall body distributed through the ship produce a lot of heat and the same will go with the electronics they carry, heating their food and all the little lights and subsystems that are found throughout the ship.

Thirdly how much space do you dedicate to this process?  Mechanical processes like dynamos tend to be big if you want to work with significant energy values, in addition to the size you are also dealing with a huge chunk of weight which then affects the ships ability to change velocity/heading.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: -Norbert- on November 05, 2014, 05:13:54 pm
I imagine there's also a limit of how much heat you can "catch" with such a system each second and that overcharging your guns easily produced more heat than any such generator could handle.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on November 05, 2014, 05:54:26 pm
It's called a "Brownian ratchet" and it doesn't work (if it did, it would violate thermodynamics).
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: headdie on November 05, 2014, 06:15:41 pm
A Brownian Ratchet (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_ratchet) calls for the entire system to be at the same thermal energy level which is not the case here, leaving aside Primary hotspots such as Reactor, Engines, weapons, machine shops, food storage/preperation areas and areas of signifgicant electronic activity which would need significant cooling but areas of the ship which maintain above mean crew density would provide secondary hotspots in addition, the reason these areas would maintain mean temperature would be through the climate control of the life support system, the central points of this system would be the points where heat conversion would be most efficient given that the gathered thermal energy would be significantly higher than the mean value.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: An4ximandros on November 05, 2014, 06:45:04 pm
The paragraphs speaking about the ancients sound an awful lot like the Gaian Effort. Specifically, Kostadin Cell. They also sound like the GTVA, seeking to subvert the Federation into more of itself.

All of these also sound close to a cancer, including the inability to preserve its host. The Gaians were dependent on Mars and Earth's resources, which Kostadin had no qualms about annihilating once they became independent of the Federation Aid programs, the GTVA will be on Sol's if they prevail; but after the war, with the massive loss of assets and resources brought about by the scorched earth protocols enacted by both sides, will there be enough to left to keep the GTVA going? Even if, Human migration and growth will ensure its expansion.

It looks heavily as if the Shivans are there prevent dangerous homogeneous growth. While the Vishnans try to preserve favorable "mutations" for the time panontic function is restored, perhaps to increase the resilience of the new creators to preserve their existence?

I could probably formulate this better...but I am tired =d

In any case; Yay for more Battuta posts!
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Soulrheever on November 05, 2014, 07:13:14 pm
Nothing says the "Brownian Ratchet" system would have to be "perfect". It could very easily operate at a realistic level without violating any laws of thermodynamics or being "OP". Just think of it like regenerative braking systems in electric cars: it doesn't completely eliminate the heat problem, but it does alleviate a portion of the strain and makes use of (some) of the excess energy.

Of course, such heat capture/transfer system would undoubtedly be expensive, complicated, and bulky... so it probably wouldn't be cost effective for any sort of mass-produced warship, especially considering how much the strategic nature of warfare is shifting towards faster, more high-performance craft rather than the behemoth tanks of the old days.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Gee1337 on November 06, 2014, 10:54:07 am
I understand that not all the energy could be captured, as that is a physical impossibilty. But as previously said, a large portion could potentially be captured and fed back into critical systems.

I've thought about the dynamics of how this would work and some kind of super conductive material would be required for the process to actually transfer the energy from one portion of the ship to the other, therefore meaning that the framework for super conductors would need to be extracting the heat from the beam weapon(s) to another part of the ship where that heat can be transferred to back into the power system (hence the suggestion of a dynamo). The way I see it, a reservoir of water would be needed to turn the dynamo, then the steam (haha... steam powered spaceships :D) would then need to be condensated back into water, which could be done via the natural environment of space (why use machinery to cool things when you have a sub zero environment to do it for you). The condensated water would then feed back into the reservoir to replace the water which has been boiled.

The expense about such a solution might not actually be that high. Basic piping could do the job of transferring the water around the ship. The most expensive part would be the thermal super conductors as I imagine you would be using an expensive/rare element to transfer the heat (I presume something metallic).

But wait a moment, this is science fiction, so lets throw another element into the mix! So, rather than using thermal super conductors, why could the human race not have advance to the point where they can use use... "thermal hyper conductors"... which could be a metal compound or even an alloy used to transfer vast amounts of heat very quickly, composed of elements/materials that we in the 21st Century are not even aware of?!
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on November 07, 2014, 10:52:17 am
The commentary on the Ancients cutscenes raises an interesting question. If Alpha 1 is picking these visions up via Nagari, who's transmitting them? Are they simply "residual signals" from the Ancients themselves? Is some other power deliberately sending him these messages?

Perhaps an entity along the lines of ken.  Some anima probing around and transmitting information at things to see what happens.  [/blatant conjecture]
Or perhaps the Ancient records themselves are Nagari-capable. The Ancients had no idea who would stumble across their dying message, or how they might communicate--it's only logical that they'd encode their findings in every way they knew how. It's similar to our own problems marking nuclear dump sites (http://www.damninteresting.com/this-place-is-not-a-place-of-honor/). Nagari would be an ideal option, since there's no language barrier--your quantum computer sends out a message saying "danger" and the recipient's brain translates it as "danger" in whatever concept they possess.

So when the records were uncovered, Alpha 1, being Nagari-sensitive, immediately began receiving the message. The Vasudans who discovered it, thanks to their more powerful connection to the Network, probably experienced something similar, which is why they immediately sent a distress signal saying they had found records indispensable in combating the Shivans and staving off extinction. But for the rest of the Nagari-dull GTA, the records had to be translated the old-fashioned way, so the breakthrough only occurred late in the war.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: SypheDMar on November 10, 2014, 01:48:11 pm
In any case; Yay for more Battuta posts!
:D
I've always wanted to know how you interpreted canon. The research you've done is astounding!
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 11, 2015, 02:25:11 pm
As we all know, energy cannot be used but only transformed from one form to another. So, we have the heat energy given off by beam weapons overloading. Why not convert the heat energy, into kinetic energy to turn a dynamo which can in turn transfer the kinetic energy back into electrical energy to power the jump drives, or to provide more power to other systems. (whether this is realistic/possible... perhaps someone could shed some light here)

This is going to be big but it should answer all questions on the "getting waste heat from turrets to generate energy"-problem:
Little introduction on myself: I'm currently studying system electronics and part of my education involved power plants and energy production.

There are several laws in physics which you have to take into account, here. What you're describing is actually already done in power plants of the 21st century.
1. Every system in physics strives to reach it's lowest energy state. It's the reason why elements form molecules. Sodium and chlorine form a bond where their outer electron shells are full which is a lower energy state for every atom. The surplus energy in this reaction is radiated as electromagnetic radiation.
2. Every system strives to maximum entropy. Meaning the temperature within a gas will even out over time. Maximum entropy means minimal energy density, a lower energy state and you need energy to "order" the gas and get an uneven energy distribution, again.
3. Energy does not simply "sit in your power grid". You have to store it in capacitors, or any other energy buffer of the 24st century. Storing energy is a lossy operation duo to the resistance of conductors and isolators.
4. Every energy conversion into useable energy (maybe electric power) is lossy. You will always get waste heat to deal with until maximum entropy is reached.

To extract energy (with any device known in the 21st century) you need displacement of energy or moving energy. Movement is generated with a temperature gradient, for example. But also with pressure differences. (A cold and a hot place, for example). The heat will move into your colder medium, hot gas and high pressure moves towards the colder, low pressure environments. A greater difference in energy potentials forces more energy to move, therefor you get more out of it. I don't have to say that it's not worth to try extracting energy from the heat dissipation of a human being. The differences in potential energy are to small.

So what can be used to exploit this:
- Beam weapons probably produce a vast amount of waste heat which can be used.
- Laser turrets are a nice source, as well.
- Any waste heat from high temperature reactors, but they usually already use their waste heat for power generation.

What can't be used:
- Computer equipment. (Which does not produce that much waste heat, sadly. And furthermore, it's more likely that quantum computers are used in the 24st century, which have to be cooled down to only a couple of kelvin. Meaning the gradient is to small for sufficient energy production.)
- Waste heat from life support and air conditioning. (These systems have to operate at their most efficient point. Also, they consume energy to cool or heat the environment for the crew. Extracting energy from this system would be the same as decreasing the energy you put into the system. This is the reason why your fridge or air conditioning does not produce energy from it's waste heat.)
- Waste heat from dynamos or energy conversion systems themselves. (This exhaust has already reached the state of maximum entropy and can not be used)

How would you do it:
It could be possible to use a cooling grid, which takes heat from all weapon hardpoints, cooling them and taking the heat to an additional power plant.
This power plant extracts energy from the surplus heat of your turrets and creates power for your ship. But wait! You need a temperature gradient to extract energy! This power plant would also have heat sinks, probably build into the ships hull to get rid of it's own used waste heat. After all, the coolant for your turrets has to be cooled down, again. 1. To create a heat gradient in order to extract energy in the first place. 2. To cool the turrets, again.
Every power plant has to get rid of entropy, or else it stops functioning.
Such a system would only prevent some of the energy wasted to heat actually become wasted completely. It's more likely a solution to make your ship more efficient in energy use, but there will still be waste heat.
This energy has to be stored within a buffer, as well and must be available for fast access. Capacitors in our real world heat up if they're under heavy load. (Lots of charging and discharging) the amount of energy used by weapon systems must be incredible high. This creates a 2nd source of waste heat which has to go somewhere.

Where are the limits of this system:
- heat dissipation through the ships hull. (This is not an easy task, since the only way to radiate heat away in space is actual radiation and not conduction, also external events like incoming warheads and heat from stars add to your heat balance)
- heat accumulation within the cooling cycle. (It's a cooling system, therefor this is a bad thing)
- Actual cooling power needed by your turrets. (They still have to be able to maintain fire)

What does this mean for beam overloads?
- It still happens when fire control is faced with a heavy battle.
- Every turret, even though cooled, has it's own problems with internal heat building up. The conduction of heat within a material is limited by it's chemical and physical properties
- The same amount of heat has to exit the ship, there's no difference. We generate energy from moving energy potentials not from heat itself.

What do I think of it:
Well, I think in the 24st century, space fairing warships are already doing this. We do it nowdays already. It does not change the fact that huge space ships with weapons which probably drain gigawatts of power each wouldn't have significant problems with their heat management. After all, it is much harder to radiate heat away in space. An environment, where no heat conduction to other materials touching the hull exists.
But I like the fact that someone actually thought of this possibility, since it would be quite an improvement for energy production.
Sadly, we don't know how much energy a subspace jump actually takes or how much beam weapons drain, but I would assume it's a lot!

I hope I could clear out some questions. I'm afraid I actually summoned new ones. ^^
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Herra Tohtori on January 11, 2015, 04:18:11 pm
Producing heat (energy in general) in a space ship is typically much less of a problem than getting rid of it. Thermoregulation is troublesome in a vacuum, even in deep space with 2.8 Kelvin background temperature.

The idea of recycling some of the waste energy (heat) from the beam turrets is a neat idea, but personally I feel like the FreeSpace universe is on a tech level where energy production is not really a problem, they can just make more. They can rip holes in time-space... with that kind of on-demand power generation ability, I think something like capacitor or battery banks for storing the surplus energy would be a waste of space and mass on their capital ships, which could be taken by heatsinks, radiator arrays, and armour.

This is based on the assumption that the power requirements for running the beams is minimal compared to operating the subspace jump drives. Personally I feel the assumption is justified but your mileage may vary. The rate of fire of beam cannons is probably more limited by the amount of waste heat they produce, than the total energy production limits by the shipboard reactors.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on January 11, 2015, 04:26:06 pm
This is based on the assumption that the power requirements for running the beams is minimal compared to operating the subspace jump drives. Personally I feel the assumption is justified but your mileage may vary. The rate of fire of beam cannons is probably more limited by the amount of waste heat they produce, than the total energy production limits by the shipboard reactors.
I don't think that assumption holds in Blue Planet canon; or, at least, not for TEI beams.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 11, 2015, 04:50:59 pm
Producing heat (energy in general) in a space ship is typically much less of a problem than getting rid of it. Thermoregulation is troublesome in a vacuum, even in deep space with 2.8 Kelvin background temperature.
I agree with that, dissipation is the biggest problem.

The idea of recycling some of the waste energy (heat) from the beam turrets is a neat idea, but personally I feel like the FreeSpace universe is on a tech level where energy production is not really a problem, they can just make more.
Using some of your waste heat to generate power isn't to stupid, since your efficiency rises.(as long as waste heat is in a useable state, eg. low entropy) Less fuel requirements and therefor a longer deploy time for warships until they need to be refueled. Also assuming the efficiency of a turret is at only 50-75%. Besides: The heat is on your ship, anyway. You have to get rid of it either way, why not use it? Heat sinks and such remain the same, the only thing added to your ship is a rather small generator section integrated into the cooling system.

With that kind of on-demand power generation ability, I think something like capacitor or battery banks for storing the surplus energy would be a waste of space and mass on their capital ships, which could be taken by heatsinks, radiator arrays, and armour.
You will always need high performance energy storage systems in high power environments. Even if you're able to produce the burst power for your weapon systems, that energy has to travel through your power grid and the output of your reactors has to react on sudden energy consumers such as beam weapons. This takes time in which the voltage drops significantly on your power grid. (lets assume we use electricity) Nowdays, capacitors prevent this by storing small amounts of energy and filling the gaps, should the voltage drop. They respond very fast, faster than any power source could, because the charge is already available in electrons. No conversion from chemical to electrical energy needed as with batteries.

This is based on the assumption that the power requirements for running the beams is minimal compared to operating the subspace jump drives.
Since the original post says "Charging a jump drive is an expensive operation, and it oftens demands enough of a warship's power to negatively impact combat performance." I'd say beams are not minimal in power usage.

Also, keep in mind that complex explanations like this enrich the story ;)

*EDIT:
I remember a mission in BP WIH Act 1, where the cooling system of a Tev ship is actually mentioned. After the attack on the lunar domes.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Scotty on January 11, 2015, 11:13:29 pm
This is based on the assumption that the power requirements for running the beams is minimal compared to operating the subspace jump drives.
Since the original post says "Charging a jump drive is an expensive operation, and it oftens demands enough of a warship's power to negatively impact combat performance." I'd say beams are not minimal in power usage.

This is far more an indicator of the power draw of the jump drive than it is of the beams.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on January 11, 2015, 11:57:50 pm
This is based on the assumption that the power requirements for running the beams is minimal compared to operating the subspace jump drives.
Since the original post says "Charging a jump drive is an expensive operation, and it oftens demands enough of a warship's power to negatively impact combat performance." I'd say beams are not minimal in power usage.

This is far more an indicator of the power draw of the jump drive than it is of the beams.
If the beam's power consumption was trivial in comparison to the jump drive, diverting power from the charging operation to firing a beam wouldn't significantly slow it down, and therefore charging the jump drives would not negatively impact combat performance... or so the reasoning presumably goes.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on January 12, 2015, 01:28:28 am
Using some of your waste heat to generate power isn't to stupid, since your efficiency rises.(as long as waste heat is in a useable state, eg. low entropy) Less fuel requirements and therefor a longer deploy time for warships until they need to be refueled. Also assuming the efficiency of a turret is at only 50-75%. Besides: The heat is on your ship, anyway. You have to get rid of it either way, why not use it? Heat sinks and such remain the same, the only thing added to your ship is a rather small generator section integrated into the cooling system.
You can't "get rid of" heat, as per the second law of thermodynamics. It can only be moved around. That's how thermoelectric generators function: power is extracted from the thermal gradient between a heat sink and a cold sink as they equalize. Maintaining the cold sink requires work, which in turn generates more waste heat, which in turn increases the amount of work required to maintain the cold sink. See Atomic Rockets (http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/thermodynamics.php).

At the end of the day you're best off just getting fresh superfluid helium or whatever from the local Anemoi and letting planetary facilities reprocess your spent coolant.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 12, 2015, 07:59:35 am
You can't "get rid of" heat, as per the second law of thermodynamics. It can only be moved around.
Thanks for the lesson but you basically repeated my own words. I'd recommend you read my previous post (the LARGE one here: http://www.hard-light.net/forums/index.php?topic=86710.msg1773784#msg1773784 ).
Since it seems like you got some insight I'd like to hear recommendations on my actual statement to this topic and not just a single reply with no context. :)

*EDIT: It is possible to dissipate heat through the ships hull. However, only the "night side" of the ship can be used, obviously. It's unlikely that battleships carry vast amounts of coolant around which they dump into space after it's used. Maybe just for emergencies like crash jumps or in the 4th War in Heaven mission, where the GTD Meridian does so. Probably to crash jump as well.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on January 12, 2015, 10:26:07 pm
You can't "get rid of" heat, as per the second law of thermodynamics. It can only be moved around.
Thanks for the lesson but you basically repeated my own words. I'd recommend you read my previous post (the LARGE one here: http://www.hard-light.net/forums/index.php?topic=86710.msg1773784#msg1773784 ).
Since it seems like you got some insight I'd like to hear recommendations on my actual statement to this topic and not just a single reply with no context. :)

*EDIT: It is possible to dissipate heat through the ships hull. However, only the "night side" of the ship can be used, obviously. It's unlikely that battleships carry vast amounts of coolant around which they dump into space after it's used. Maybe just for emergencies like crash jumps or in the 4th War in Heaven mission, where the GTD Meridian does so. Probably to crash jump as well.
You said it, and then you immediately forgot and concluded that 24th century starships must recycle energy simply because the technology exists today. Waste heat is the biggest concern for a spacefaring vessel, and doubly so for a spacefaring warship. You continually produce it, you don't have the mass to absorb it, you can't shake it via convection, radiation is slow and presents a massive vulnerability; handwaving with "it's the future so it isn't a problem" doesn't cut it.

Of course they don't just dump coolant--that's just wasteful and accomplishes nothing. What I meant is that, lacking any apparent radiator subsystems of their own (if they existed, bomber strikes on exposed radiators would dominate the strategic picture), heat management is probably part of the logistics chain: when you get too hot, you just dock with a station or dedicated freighter, cycle coolant and transfer the heat to their heat sinks, and go back to killing Shivans or Zods or whatever. The freighter hauls your hot steamy load to a planetary installation somewhere to dispense. Planets are giant heat sinks, which is why energy recycling works on Earth--with so much mass, the waste heat is trivial.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Phantom Hoover on January 12, 2015, 11:23:44 pm
can i just remind everyone that ships in BP have a speed limit of sixty miles an hour and shoot lasers that travel slower than bullets
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 13, 2015, 09:50:55 am
heat management is probably part of the logistics chain: when you get too hot, you just dock with a station or dedicated freighter, cycle coolant and transfer the heat to their heat sinks, and go back to killing Shivans or Zods or whatever.
That is a very interesting concept not many people think about, actually. Combined with active systems which cool your coolant and dump heat into big, insulated heat buffer.

One thing bugs me, though:
handwaving with "it's the future so it isn't a problem" doesn't cut it.
I agree with that statement, there must be a reasonable explanation otherwise your SiFi setting either breaks the fourth wall or it's pure fiction. But is't still science fiction. Assuming better methods to radiate heat away, for example, isn't such a crime. To support the story or playability as long as it's not the biggest bogus anyone ever constructed.
Or as Phantom Hoover said, and I loled on that:
can i just remind everyone that ships in BP have a speed limit of sixty miles an hour and shoot lasers that travel slower than bullets

Speaking of physics, eh.
Same with warheads that yield antimatter charges (SERVAL POUNDS!), which only hurt an Orion by 4%. ;)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheavatarin on January 13, 2015, 01:40:10 pm
Hello, long time lurker, first time poster. Let me say right off how much I love BP. Massive kudos to everyone who has worked on it.

Now to throw in my two cents on thermal management.

Barring some exotic method of pushing heat into hyperspace or some other universe, every single erg of energy generated on or absorbed (e.g. from the sun, or incoming weapons fire) by a ship in space must be dissipated to maintain thermal equilibrium. That means if you are fully using a 1 gigawatt reactor, you have to dissipate a full gigawatt of power. When in combat, some of this is thrown at opposing ships either as kinetic energy or beams. The rest must be either temporarily stored in a heat sink or radiated into space. This will be true even if you are extracting work from it for all the other little things necessary for a spaceship. I like the idea of replacing coolant or heat sinks as part of the logistics train. Other possibilities include spending some time in the upper atmosphere of a Jovian planet to add conduction and convection to the heat transfer. Despite some of its other flaws, the Mass Effect games have quite a lot of pretty good flavor text on thermal management. While it clearly isn't visually done in the FS2 engine, you could conceivably spray coolant drops from the front of the ship and then catch them at the rear of the ship. This spray would increase the surface to volume ratio of the coolant, and make it a more efficient radiator.

Another tactical aspect that should be considered, is that unless you hide your heat sinks and close up your radiators, your ship will pretty much always be visible to a passive infrared scan. Of course, if you aren't radiating, you will be building up more and more heat. So there is a limited time before you will have to turn off stealth mode, extend your radiators, and cool off.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AtomicClucker on January 13, 2015, 03:14:59 pm
can i just remind everyone that ships in BP have a speed limit of sixty miles an hour and shoot lasers that travel slower than bullets

QFT.

Welcome to fiction meets reality, where we quickly discover that most laws of science have as much credence as the creators choose to adhere to. Even as an aspiring fiction creator, I know my limits of reality vs fiction. The general audience, unless they're really that science savvy, generally doesn't care or accepts the handwavium with gusto. They wanna see stuff explode and kick ass.

They want dog fighters in space? They get dog fighters in space.

That being said, I would wonder how plausible heat management would work in FS2, because Mass Effect was one of the few universes that seriously put thought into balancing sciences vs applied able-to-kick-assium.

Another universe that does try to balance its handwavium is Gundam (Universal Century specifically). Yes, a series built around giant robotic suits. The series creators weren't stupid when they produced it, and they even had the foresight to invent handwavium that fit the bulk of the universe like a glove.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Herra Tohtori on January 14, 2015, 12:04:07 am
Considering the relative impossibility grade of subspace technology and complete nonsense like UD-8 Kayser or Meson Bombs... I think it might actually be possible for FreeSpace tech to dump thermal energy into subspace.

If it's possible to establish a temperature gradient between normal space and subspace (subspace being at lower temperature), and keep that connection stable, it should be not only possible to dump extra heat into subspace, but to make the process output work.

:shaking:
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 14, 2015, 06:42:17 am
If it's possible to establish a temperature gradient between normal space and subspace (subspace being at lower temperature), and keep that connection stable, it should be not only possible to dump extra heat into subspace, but to make the process output work.

And to add a little flavor and action to storytelling one can say that the amount of heat transferred is still limited, which allows us to use beam overloads as valuable asserts of storytelling. :D

I like how your guys minds work! ;)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Phantom Hoover on January 14, 2015, 08:31:05 am
the shivans are actually radical environmentalists trying to halt the process of subspacial warming at all costs

****

i've become drew karpyshyn
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Luis Dias on January 14, 2015, 08:51:24 am
no worst sin than that
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: X3N0-Life-Form on January 14, 2015, 09:43:12 am
I think it might actually be possible for FreeSpace tech to dump thermal energy into subspace.
Haha, I think the BP tech entry for the BFRed alludes to something like that for that particular beam.

Anyway, my bet's on magic heatsinks that voodoo all that heat away.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: BritishShivans on January 14, 2015, 12:28:44 pm
the shivans are actually radical environmentalists trying to halt the process of subspacial warming at all costs

****

i've become drew karpyshyn

goddamnit now you've gone and done it

we've been EXPOSED

:warp:
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: An4ximandros on January 14, 2015, 12:39:31 pm
That's it ph, we have achieved entropy; we have nothing more to post.
alot is lost.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on January 14, 2015, 01:04:33 pm
I think it might actually be possible for FreeSpace tech to dump thermal energy into subspace.
Haha, I think the BP tech entry for the BFRed alludes to something like that for that particular beam.
Yup:
Quote
Alliance analysts have no explanation for this weapons system. The Sathanas' main beam cannons discharge kilotons of magnetically confined plasma at .9998 lightspeed. They are capable of continuous fire without overheating. It is unclear where the heat goes, leading GTI analysts to the unsettling conclusion that these weapons are not compatible with thermodynamics as we understand it. It is possible that waste heat is somehow shunted into subspace, or that the Shivans use quantum sleight-of-hand to process the heat out of local space. No allied warship can survive engagement with one of these weapons. Current GTVA tactical doctrine calls for concentrated bomber strikes to destroy these weapons before they can be brought to bear on allied capital ships.
(Which means that, in BP canon at least, GTVA warships do not shunt their waste heat into subspace.)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Gee1337 on January 14, 2015, 03:10:03 pm
I'm loving Phantom's comment about the Shivans being environmentalists (I actually PMSL)...are they Al Gore in disguise?

I'm loving the explanations/discussions I have provoked on thermodynamics and thanks to the likes of Qwadtep and Alzurana for bringing the more scientific insights into this.

Now as people have already realised from my other two posts on this thread, I am no scientist, or more specifically a physicist, but I do have a very crude and rudamentary understanding (which can't be expanded as my IQ will never exceed my postcount ;) ). But... as some more food for thought:-

1) If the Shivans are dumping their heat into subspace are they also drawing their power from subspace?
2) Are they also recycling their energy back into the beams already to maintain the firerate they can pull off?

My explanations would be:-
 
1) In short... yes! Maybe one of the key reasons why shields cannot be used in subspace is that subspace naturally absorbs vast amounts of heat, and Shivans dump their heat into subspace when travelling through it and empty their heat buffers, for lack of a better term. At the same time, they charge their capacitors whilst in subspace. Imagination is key here as we don't know what effects the natural environment of subspace has to offer. We are also never told WHY shields cannot be used in subspace. Could the reason be that subspace causes ships to warm to the point where it would kill the pilot? Or is it because subspace absorbs the energy in the shield causing the power drain to be so high that it renders a ship dead? In the case of the Shivans, if the shields were up then the power drain could be too high for even them to maintain and if they could then maybe the shields could potentially deny them the ability to draw power from subspace.

2) Again... in short.. yes! The Shivans have been around a lot longer than Terrans and Vasudans, so their technology is immensely superior. This is where the science fiction comes into play and the imagination is allowed to negate the known laws of physics. As I suggested in my earlier post, this is science fiction and the Shivans probably have access to exotic materials and elements that have yet to be discovered by science. It could also perhaps be a reason why the Shivans do not bat an eyelid when a Sathanas goes up (Capella supernova where we see one Sathanas just sitting their), as a Sathanas might not actually have a big crew, but the hull is actually made up of big slabs of materials which recycle heat from the high output systems, which in turn also house massive capacitors and heat sinks which is what allows it to maintain its effectiveness, made from materials which require extremely low maintenance.

To support the idea, compare the Sathanas to the Colossus (which was probably a very badly designed ship). I believe that one on one, a Sathanas would actually munch the Colossus quite easily were it not for the intervention of Alpha 1 knocking out the front beams. Also, the Colossus appears to rely on the old "broadside" firing (IIRC), with the placement of its beam weaponary, similar to that of the battleships of old whereas the TEI ships prefer to have the cannons at the front to deliver maximum damage when facing the enemy, pretty much like the front guns of the Pegasus in BSG. The Colossus also has a crew compliment of 30,000 whereas a Sathanas... well... a complete unknown. So taking the concept of 30,000 crew... wow... that must be one delicate ship to need that many people to maintain it, even if it is a stupid size! In conclusions, the Colossus destruction was a tradgedy because of the loss of life rather than the ship itself, whereas a Sathanas which might be crewed by (my imagination says...) 3000, the destruction of a Sathanas is comparable to the loss of an Orion (sorry... can't remember the actual crew compliment of an Orion).

I hope everyone enjoys reading these ideas! :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 14, 2015, 06:16:40 pm
I hope everyone enjoys reading these ideas! :)

Oh I did! You got some decent brain juice going on, there.
Diamonds in a rough, if I may say so.

1) If the Shivans are dumping their heat into subspace are they also drawing their power from subspace?

Using capacitors and batteries for energy only is insufficient because they are huge compared to actual reactors. That's why atomic submarines have a reactor on board and not giant car batteries. :) Lets just say Shivans use zero point energy extracted from a subspace field within their reactors. No details, there, because "zero point energy" is a giant big problem on it's own. This also gives us an explanation why destroying the Lucifers reactors is so devastating.

Empty "space" usually does not absorb energy. "Space" in general are just dimensions or easy: "directions" you can travel along. "subspace" or "hyperspace" can be understood as nothing more but additional dimensions which are tiny compared to our normal space-time. You don't travel faster than light, you just use shortcuts, no laws broken.
Energy just travels through it. Using that explanation one can assume that dumping heat as radiation through a jump flash hole may be possible but you still have to radiate it away. I'm sure the Shivans found a way and if you ask them nicely, they might even tell you! ^^

The shield question, however, is a tough one but if you assume that shields have something to do with subspace it >can< be easy. First explanation would be that the Shivans advanced subspace technology allowed them to develop shields in the first place. How exactly they work is open to a lot of speculation, however. They don't work in subspace, because the physical principles which make them possible can not be applied in subspace.
Most sifi settings don't even try to explain shields, because any given answer to that question is just inconsistent and breaks so many laws that anyone would just say "what a giant pile of cr*p!"

2) Are they also recycling their energy back into the beams already to maintain the firerate they can pull off?
Exotic materials or rather elements:
Less likely. We discovered every presumable stable element in the periodic table, already. There are no other ways to combine electrons, protons and neutrons to form new ones.
Pardon! There are...
In theory you can just up the number of protons until you discover a new element but they are all not stable and break down to simpler and stable elements within micro- and even just nanoseconds. Oh and they emit an unhealthy amount of particle radiation in the process. Exotic elements are rather unlikely and I could slap any sifi series which invents stuff like naquadah which magically turns into naquadriah because of "quantum events"? (Sorry, Stargate is not bad but come on people... do your research ^^)

Turning pure heat into useable energy violates the second law thermodynamics, which is a fundamental law of our universe. It's universal and the reason why we even exist. It's one of the reasons why the sun is shining. It's the reason why you can scramble an egg, but you can't "unscramble" it by simply turning your spoon in the different direction. The only way to achieve this is to reverse time and this is where believability goes in the pub to drink a pint because it won't deal with those explanations, anymore. ^^
To draw you a picture, here:
When you're on a mountain and you jump down you have a lot of potential energy which is turned into kinetic energy. You fall until you hit the ground. As soon as you did that all your potential energy is used up and you can not fall further. Of course, you could say "I will just dig a hole." But you need more energy to dig that hole than you get in potential energy. That's the same with heat. As soon as it's used or "pushed off the mountain" you're not able to use it anymore. If you want to do so, anyway, you need more energy than you'd get out of it.
I'd dump that idea entirely because it's very VERY unlikely that this would ever be possible. I'd rather put my chips on "extracting energy from space-time" and "zero point energy" because there is mathematical proof. However, it only works for a couple of nano watts.

(sorry... can't remember the actual crew compliment of an Orion).
I think it's 10000.
The bigger the ship, the lower the crew per cubic meter if you will so.


oh my, wall of text, again. I'm sorry ;-;
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: AdmiralRalwood on January 14, 2015, 08:40:59 pm
(sorry... can't remember the actual crew compliment of an Orion).
I think it's 10000.
The Hecate is ten thousand, but I don't think there are any canon references to the crew compliment of the Orion.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on January 14, 2015, 11:58:10 pm
2) Are they also recycling their energy back into the beams already to maintain the firerate they can pull off?
Exotic materials or rather elements:
Less likely. We discovered every presumable stable element in the periodic table, already. There are no other ways to combine electrons, protons and neutrons to form new ones.
Pardon! There are...
In theory you can just up the number of protons until you discover a new element but they are all not stable and break down to simpler and stable elements within micro- and even just nanoseconds. Oh and they emit an unhealthy amount of particle radiation in the process. Exotic elements are rather unlikely and I could slap any sifi series which invents stuff like naquadah which magically turns into naquadriah because of "quantum events"? (Sorry, Stargate is not bad but come on people... do your research ^^)
I'm pretty sure I recall reading about hypotheses concerning a threshold after which high-mass synthetic elements should become stable again, but I don't have a citation nor a solid understanding of the concepts involved.
It doesn't really matter though. The techroom make it makes it abundantly clear that Shivan/Vishnan technology is completely beyond both our current and 24th-century understanding of the universe. If a Type 2 civilization wants to use exotic matter to shoot weaponized dimensional holes that rearrange fermions into identical quantum states, you don't tell them no.

e: Orion has a crew of 10,000, as per A Lion at the Door.
Quote
You survived your first sortie against the Shivans. Though we had only a small opposing force to contend with, survival is half the battle. Tragically, the 10,000 men and women on board the Carthage were not so lucky. As a unit, we must accept the blame for this catastrophe. Had we fought harder, we could have saved that destroyer. A service for the dead will be held at 0100 hours on Deck 36.
The Dashor (a Sobek) is also mentioned to have a crew of 6,000 when destroyed. Freespace ships are big. I swear there's a reference to the Fenris having 3,000 somewhere...
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Mars on January 15, 2015, 04:30:42 am
IIRC the only canon reference to a Fenris crew is in the Eve of Destruction
Quote
The GTC Orff was destroyed during your watch.  Dozens of lives were lost due to your poor performance.  This catastrophe will surely result in an increased Vasudan presence in the system.

There is no place for you in the GTA.  You are dismissed.

The crew sizes are also really, really small compared to the ships they represent - the Orff is about the length of a contemporary aircraft supercarrier. Presumably the crew compartments  of these ships are quite a bit smaller.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Cyborg17 on January 15, 2015, 10:42:57 am
Am I the only one who wants a gigantic retcon of FS1 text and CBanis?
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 15, 2015, 12:51:40 pm
The Hecate is ten thousand, but I don't think there are any canon references to the crew compliment of the Orion.
I checked back and canon reference for the Orions crew is also present in "Feint! Parry! Riposte!", where the admiral Koth tries to ram the GTVA Colossus with his Orion, the NTD Repulse.
"I have 10000 crewman who are willing to die for neo terra!" BP2 references to admiral Koth in the final mission of Act 2 "Delenda Est" where, I think Indus control is asking Lopez if she wants to be a second Koth by not surrendering her ship.

I'm pretty sure I recall reading about hypotheses concerning a threshold after which high-mass synthetic elements should become stable again, but I don't have a citation nor a solid understanding of the concepts involved.
That sounds quite interesting and could make some explanations possible. Still, those elements wouldn't exist naturally. However, it always harms a sifi setting if it tries to explain the technology of a highly advanced species.
*EDIT: Found it, it's called the "Island of stability". Here's the wiki article for anyone who might wants to dig into it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_stability
And an illustration:
http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/island-of-stability.jpg
They still decay and are radioactive but I guess a Shivan wouldn't mind. ;)

If a Type 2 civilization wants to use exotic matter to shoot weaponized dimensional holes that rearrange fermions into identical quantum states, you don't tell them no.
HAHA! Yeah they just do it, I guess.  They don't care if they rip holes in the fabric of space-time, they just do it. ^^ Shivans are physics douchebags! >:C
Kinda reminds me of that one episode of futurama:
"Yes, the light speed was to slow, that's why they upped it in 2637."
-"That's impossible!"
"Everything is possible if you're able to imagine it."
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: emkay on January 15, 2015, 04:32:19 pm
One small note to add to the idea of storing heat energy away...

It might be possible in the 24th century, that storing heat energy needs not necessarily to be performed in a "chemical way" (i.e. by forming molecule bindings out of single elements), but in an "atomic way" (i.e. by forming heavy elements out of light ones). Those heavy elements (e.g. lead) could simply be dumped in space, or even be fed into locally stored particle weaponry ammunition (which would all "solve" the problem of unwanted nuclear waste).

This may account for several issues:
1. Since nuclear fusion (as well as fission) can store a vast amount of energy, the storage space necessary for the "fusion input material" (a certain mass of a medium element, such as iron) would be quite low. Thus, an actual refill may hence only be necessary a couple of times throughout the ship's lifetime (e.g. during a complete overhaul, equivalent to the "refill" of nuclear-powered ships today). So, no specific "short-term" tactical issues would come along with that technology (which is why it was never mentioned in canon before).
2. It is still a process with limited energy conversion rate - hence the limitation of beam weaponry energy output. Otherwise the "conversion reactor" would need to be massive, which would take away valuable space inside the ship.
3. In contrast to the proposed large-surfaced (and hence fragile) heat radiation subsystems, it can be installed inside the ship and is therefore protected against weapon fire.
4. Although complete sience fiction for us today and cutting-edge technology for humans in the 24th century, it is definitely a "stone-age" technology for the Shivans - above all because the supposed "subspace energy dumping" technique does not come along with the issue of a low energy conversion rate.

Of course, this simple idea is unsatisfying towards many issues - above all the one that the "starting" temperature and pressure for nuclear fusion needs to be very high, just like inside a star (which is why "low temperature" waste heat would never suffice here).

Maybe someone likes to think about it and eventually comes up with a reasonable form of technical application that satisfies both the canonical and scientific issues...
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheavatarin on January 15, 2015, 07:32:10 pm

It might be possible in the 24th century, that storing heat energy needs not necessarily to be performed in a "chemical way" (i.e. by forming molecule bindings out of single elements), but in an "atomic way" (i.e. by forming heavy elements out of light ones). Those heavy elements (e.g. lead) could simply be dumped in space, or even be fed into locally stored particle weaponry ammunition (which would all "solve" the problem of unwanted nuclear waste).

...

3. In contrast to the proposed large-surfaced (and hence fragile) heat radiation subsystems, it can be installed inside the ship and is therefore protected against weapon fire.

Are you proposing some sort of transmutation or chemical process that is endothermic and thus absorbs the excess waste heat into some sort of physical product that could easily be dumped as exhaust? That is a thermal management method that I've not considered before. I suspect that you would still run up against entropy effects in the same way that entropy decreases the efficiency of a heat engine with a low temperature gradient. If nothing else, you would eventually run out of the raw materials of your transmutation process, and have to resupply. That makes it about the same as exchanging your hot heat sinks, or hot coolant with cold ones at a base or logistics ship.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Herra Tohtori on January 15, 2015, 08:11:28 pm
Are you proposing some sort of transmutation or chemical process that is endothermic and thus absorbs the excess waste heat into some sort of physical product that could easily be dumped as exhaust? That is a thermal management method that I've not considered before.


Evaporative cooling technically is exactly this, although it relies on the latent energy associated to phase change from liquid to gas rather than other similar systems. Heat causes a physical reaction - in this case a phase change - and the energy is stored in the coolant medium's new phase configuration.


Quote
I suspect that you would still run up against entropy effects in the same way that entropy decreases the efficiency of a heat engine with a low temperature gradient. If nothing else, you would eventually run out of the raw materials of your transmutation process, and have to resupply. That makes it about the same as exchanging your hot heat sinks, or hot coolant with cold ones at a base or logistics ship.

Yes, but if you can convert thermal energy into a more convenient form - like chemical bond energy, or possibly even nuclear energy - you might get better energy density, which would ultimately set the limit to how much waste energy you can store before you have to vent it somehow.


From nuclear perspective, you'd be best off starting with iron. Iron has the lowest energy state of all nuclei, and all transmutations - whether you fuse iron into heavier elements, or fissure it into lighter ones - are endothermic. In fact it requires tremendous energy to achieve. It is most likely never going to be a practical way of storing energy in reality, as it requires basically particle accelerators to bombard the iron nuclei in such a way that they either split into lighter elements, or accumulate the particles to form heavier elements. And you can't really power a particle accelerator with just ambient blob of thermal energy.

The only way you could ever possibly use raw heat to do this is if you could somehow heat the iron into a plasma, and increase temperature and pressure to such an extent that the collisions between iron nuclei would be sufficient to fuse them into heavier elements. Now, technically, this would work - the energy of the plasma would get stored into heavier elements, and the process certainly would absorb heat. It would also probably produce radioactive nuclei, not that it's much of a problem if you can manage the intense gamma radiation that would come from the incredibly hot plasma in the first place.

Much like with evaporative cooling, the process does occur spontaneously without needing anything but heat, so it is in a way analogous to a phase change. In fact the exact same thermophysical equations can be used to describe the process, if you just input suitable values for the energy states.

However, even if it could in theory work, this seems like a somewhat wasteful method of heat storage, as the required energy states are only reached in supernova explosions, and you might want to avoid having to contain that onboard a spacecraft.

Just saying. :p An endothermic chemical reaction may be a better solution...
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on January 15, 2015, 08:27:48 pm
I think that if you have enough spare power for a sustained endothermic fusion reaction, you'd probably save even more waste heat by simply downgrading your main reactor.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheavatarin on January 15, 2015, 08:43:32 pm
Evaporative cooling technically is exactly this, although it relies on the latent energy associated to phase change from liquid to gas rather than other similar systems. Heat causes a physical reaction - in this case a phase change - and the energy is stored in the coolant medium's new phase configuration.

I was mostly thinking of chemical or nuclear processes, rather than dumping hot exhaust. Though evaporation is a perfectly valid method of heat management, the amount of coolant you would be boiling off is massive considering the power levels under discussion.

The only way you could ever possibly use raw heat to do this is if you could somehow heat the iron into a plasma, and increase temperature and pressure to such an extent that the collisions between iron nuclei would be sufficient to fuse them into heavier elements. Now, technically, this would work - the energy of the plasma would get stored into heavier elements, and the process certainly would absorb heat. It would also probably produce radioactive nuclei, not that it's much of a problem if you can manage the intense gamma radiation that would come from the incredibly hot plasma in the first place.

...

Just saying. :p An endothermic chemical reaction may be a better solution...

Additionally, I'm not entirely clear how you would use the low-grade waste heat from cycling the life support system, or even the normal space engines, into the extremely high temperatures necessary to ionize iron. The amount of work you would have to put into pushing that heat across the temperature gradient would be prohibitive. I wonder whether evaporative cooling or endothermic chemical cooling is more efficient on a mass energy density basis.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheavatarin on January 15, 2015, 08:45:07 pm
I think that if you have enough spare power for a sustained endothermic fusion reaction, you'd probably save even more waste heat by simply downgrading your main reactor.

That was a much better and succinct response than mine.  :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: An4ximandros on January 15, 2015, 08:53:42 pm
My understanding is that subspace is the quantum septic-tank of inconveniences in the universe, everything that goes there turns into a protanopia rainbow.

I want to know, given the ridiculous firepower of the mx-50 (16.5 Kt!), how are they gonna handle atmospheric fighting in act 4?
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Mars on January 16, 2015, 12:25:35 am
I think that the weapon yields have either been retconned in BP, or they're being explained away as shaped charges. We've already had atmospheric Supernovas in Act 3, and they weren't "gigaton in atmosphere" size, I think the blast waves might have been two kilometers.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Aesaar on January 16, 2015, 06:44:51 am
My understanding is that subspace is the quantum septic-tank of inconveniences in the universe, everything that goes there turns into a protanopia rainbow.

I want to know, given the ridiculous firepower of the mx-50 (16.5 Kt!), how are they gonna handle atmospheric fighting in act 4?
By ignoring the stupid numbers like that one.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: JerichoDeath on January 16, 2015, 09:58:39 am
I think it might actually be possible for FreeSpace tech to dump thermal energy into subspace.
Haha, I think the BP tech entry for the BFRed alludes to something like that for that particular beam.
Yup:
Quote
Alliance analysts have no explanation for this weapons system. The Sathanas' main beam cannons discharge kilotons of magnetically confined plasma at .9998 lightspeed. They are capable of continuous fire without overheating. It is unclear where the heat goes, leading GTI analysts to the unsettling conclusion that these weapons are not compatible with thermodynamics as we understand it. It is possible that waste heat is somehow shunted into subspace, or that the Shivans use quantum sleight-of-hand to process the heat out of local space. No allied warship can survive engagement with one of these weapons. Current GTVA tactical doctrine calls for concentrated bomber strikes to destroy these weapons before they can be brought to bear on allied capital ships.
(Which means that, in BP canon at least, GTVA warships do not shunt their waste heat into subspace.)

My interpretation for that quote is that the Alliance doesn't understand how the Shivans can shunt waste heat into subspace while remaining in normal space and firing their beams. Isn't is still possible that they could "eject" their heat into subspace while traveling through it on their way somewhere?
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheyah on January 16, 2015, 06:39:26 pm
"Alliance analysts have no explanation for this weapons system. The Sathanas' main beam cannons discharge kilotons of magnetically confined plasma at .9998 lightspeed."

I still make a Sathanas class beam as well within the gigatons per shot range using this and that's being insanely generous and assuming they are using pure hydrogen.  Which they won't be since fusion plasma is very rarely anything smaller than deuterons.  I am, however, going to check my maths anyway because the relativistic correction factor is 50 or so and that should be fairly substantial for heavy ions.

Even so, a kiloton relativistic plasma beam is incredibly high energy.

EDIT:  Yep, it was fine.   Something like 100 gigatons a shot or more.  Planet cracking :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: emkay on January 17, 2015, 08:29:26 am
My understanding is that subspace is the quantum septic-tank of inconveniences in the universe, everything that goes there turns into a protanopia rainbow.

I want to know, given the ridiculous firepower of the mx-50 (16.5 Kt!), how are they gonna handle atmospheric fighting in act 4?
By ignoring the stupid numbers like that one.

Sorry if I'm mistaken, but are you assuming the 16.5Kt being the TNT equivalent? That's slightly more than the Hiroshima bomb had. So, unless we assume a new form of (nonnuclear) exothermic reaction, this weapon would in fact be a fission or fusion bomb.
As I recall (correct me if I'm wrong), a fair amount - if not most - of the energy from a nuclear detonation results in a matter shockwave, but only in atmospheric environments.
In space however, energy dissipation of a "shockwave type" (i.e. kinetic) could only apply to the few actual components of the bomb (casing, core etc.). That means that in space, most energy of a nuclear explosion is just radiated away (also because there is nothing which could absorb the radiation), while only a small amount of it results in a (probably very high) acceleration of the bomb's fragments.

The same applies for a (hypothetical) TNT detonation in space, but as the radiation of such an explosion is of much less energy, the relative fraction of kinetic energy "blown away" should be much higher there.

Now, to get to the point: For a space weapon in the 24th century, the statement of "16.5Kt" may rely to a TNT detonation in the Earth's atmosphere - but it could also refer to a TNT explosion in space, or even something completely different. If so, the MX-50 would be of much higher power than the Hiroshima bomb. That would make atmospheric fights fairly interesting.

But then, of course, it it isn't TNT equivalent, it doesn't necessarily have to be a nuclear weapon...

Now, I'm confused. : :banghead:
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Aesaar on January 17, 2015, 08:48:36 am
A TNT explosion would release the same amount of energy in space as it would in atmosphere.  The only difference is how that energy is transferred.  And I see no reason to assume explosive kiloton measurements aren't in TNT.

There is atmospheric combat in Act 4, and I can guarantee that the ordnance thrown around doesn't have a payload anywhere near 16.5KT.  Whenever FS (especially FS1) tries to throw around numbers, they're nonsensical, and we're ignoring them completely.  If you really want a ballpark figure for the power for a typical anti-fighter missile, assume something close to modern air-surface antitank missiles like the Kh-25 or the AGM-65.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: JerichoDeath on January 17, 2015, 09:06:26 am
When talking about atmospheric combat in act 4, were not talking about the same kind of fight as in Act 3's "tank mission", are we? I'm not sure where the information on that is (if there is any).
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Mars on January 17, 2015, 09:19:42 am
The videos that have been posted involved tanks, fighters, and ground facilities.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: JerichoDeath on January 17, 2015, 10:57:11 am
The videos that have been posted involved tanks, fighters, and ground facilities.

I see.
Reminds me of Descent 3, in a slightly ironic way.

Now, to look up those videos...
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Mars on January 17, 2015, 08:44:30 pm
Although there were some similarities - despite how slow FS2 and even BP fighters are they are ludicrously faster than the venerable Pyro GL
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 18, 2015, 08:52:01 am
First of all, very nice! One note on the "fusion cooling system".
The big problem here, is that your turrets won't heat up beyond 1000 kelvin, maybe. The melt down if they get hotter. That also means that you can not heat up your coolant beyond 1000 kelvin. Therefor storing energy by fusing atoms together is impossible, because you'd need a lot of energy to create that gradient. Again, more energy is needed as investment than you could dissipate and that's why this idea won't stand against physics.

In space however, energy dissipation of a "shockwave type" (i.e. kinetic) could only apply to the few actual components of the bomb (casing, core etc.). That means that in space, most energy of a nuclear explosion is just radiated away (also because there is nothing which could absorb the radiation), while only a small amount of it results in a (probably very high) acceleration of the bomb's fragments.

The same applies for a (hypothetical) TNT detonation in space, but as the radiation of such an explosion is of much less energy, the relative fraction of kinetic energy "blown away" should be much higher there.
Well, don't forget the expanding gas of your warhead. All your TNT turns to gas during it's reaction phase and that gas usually expands at sound-speed if it's in a vacuum. (Note: Sound speed for this one specific gas, it can be far more or even less than just 330m/s) So you'd still have an kinetic effect with a hot particle wave hitting your hull.
Rather a "bug" than a feature. But think about this: Warheads in FreeSpace only damage a spaceship properly if they directly hit the hull. If you shoot them just meters away from the hull the damage by the shockwave is trivial. Suits the explanation but as far as it goes for things like "16.5Kt per MX-50". Just ignore those numbers, they are bogus and no one at Volition actually did the math on those. They're supposed to sound cool. Let's take the Tsunami bomb, for example:
Quote from: TechRoom link=http://www.hard-light.net/wiki/index.php/Tsunami
Intelligent tracking similar to GTA targeting system - prior to launch, communicates with ship computer, gathering data about enemy target types and whereabouts - slow, low maneuverability - antimatter warhead (500 tonne3 mass-to-energy conversion) - due to instability of antimatter, no more than 10 may be carried on board a GTA bomber at any given time, unless pilot is granted a special permit by an appropriate governing body.
500t mass to energy. First of all, it is pretty clear that this bomb does not weigh 500 tonnes! But it would have to for this yield. Antimatter and matter explosions convert their full mass to energy in form of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation. Let's do the math, here:
1kg ~ 89875517873681764 Joule
or 89.876 Peta Joule
Why?
E=mc^2
E = 1kg * 299792458 m/s * 299792458 m/s
E = 1kg * 89875517873681764 (m/s)^2
E = 89875517873681764 Joule
As conversion:
1kt of TNT = 4168000000 Joule
or 4.168 Tera Joule
That is, one kiloton worth of energy is released in the conversion of 0.04658 grams (46.58 mg) of mass.
Little Boy yielded a 13 kt of TNT equivalent.
The amount of energy if just 1kg of mass is transformed into energy is incredible and can be compared to 1.6 million Hiroshima bombs (Little Boy). Keep in mind that antimatter warheads don't create a shockwave as we know it but an expanding sphere of dense radiation (heat, gamma radiation and so on) which travels at light speed and would kill any crew member on the battlefield practically instantly. There is no known material which can absorb these amounts of energy and radiation. If it does, it would melt down as well, instantly turning into plasma. (And this comes from only 1kg). The Tsunami yields 500 tonnes. Do the math, yourself! Not even "special armor materials" would withstand that. Nothing in our universe does. A real planet cracker!
These bombs would incinerate the whole battlefield in one blow just with their radiation output. It's pure fiction, not true and not even reasonable canon because even though this flavor text exists, it's not present like that in the game itself.

There is atmospheric combat in Act 4, and I can guarantee that the ordnance thrown around doesn't have a payload anywhere near 16.5KT.  Whenever FS (especially FS1) tries to throw around numbers, they're nonsensical, and we're ignoring them completely.
Which is a good thing to do. Hit an F15 or B2 bomber with a Hiroshima Bomb at point blank range (10m) and ignore the shockwave in your calculations. Just take the heat from that explosion. You'd still end with a puddle of molten metal. I'm sure a GTF Hercules wouldn't react differently if the MX-50 really had 16kt. ^^

Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheyah on January 18, 2015, 11:27:52 am
A TNT explosion would release the same amount of energy in space as it would in atmosphere.  The only difference is how that energy is transferred.  And I see no reason to assume explosive kiloton measurements aren't in TNT.

There is atmospheric combat in Act 4, and I can guarantee that the ordnance thrown around doesn't have a payload anywhere near 16.5KT.  Whenever FS (especially FS1) tries to throw around numbers, they're nonsensical, and we're ignoring them completely.  If you really want a ballpark figure for the power for a typical anti-fighter missile, assume something close to modern air-surface antitank missiles like the Kh-25 or the AGM-65.

You have a fair amount of BPs canon to rewrite then I am afraid.  Between the mass production of antimatter warheads and the absurd 100 gigaton Shivan beam weapons I would just stick to the stupid numbers and pretend that they are shaped charges tbh.

Further, in a setting where we have solved fusion power to the point we can put reactors on fighters and where ships march around with collapsed core neutronium armour, 16kt explosions are not really the biggest problem with the setting.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheyah on January 18, 2015, 11:58:33 am
I should also note while i am occupying that pedantry corner - the bulk of the damage caused by any explosion in atmosphere is caused by the overpressure wave.  Not by the fireball or flash.  As such, a nuclear explosion in space is actually much more like a high energy radiation bombardment than an explosion.  This is especially true of antimatter bombs which deliver virtually all of their energy in the form of photons.

The result would be an extremely quick flash followed by a rapid heating/ablation of the targets outer layers.  The actual explosion itself would not be that big - the fireball would mostly be absent as it would simply be the missile components flash vapourising.

Larger explosions would force the radiation to have a harder edge and would blast layers off the target.  Provided you had adequate methods for cooling or ablating damaged hull sections it isnt that hard to deal with nukes in space.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Aesaar on January 18, 2015, 01:41:50 pm
A TNT explosion would release the same amount of energy in space as it would in atmosphere.  The only difference is how that energy is transferred.  And I see no reason to assume explosive kiloton measurements aren't in TNT.

There is atmospheric combat in Act 4, and I can guarantee that the ordnance thrown around doesn't have a payload anywhere near 16.5KT.  Whenever FS (especially FS1) tries to throw around numbers, they're nonsensical, and we're ignoring them completely.  If you really want a ballpark figure for the power for a typical anti-fighter missile, assume something close to modern air-surface antitank missiles like the Kh-25 or the AGM-65.

You have a fair amount of BPs canon to rewrite then I am afraid.  Between the mass production of antimatter warheads and the absurd 100 gigaton Shivan beam weapons I would just stick to the stupid numbers and pretend that they are shaped charges tbh.
So?  The production of WMDs isn't a problem.  Both the GTVA and UEF have 0 problems doing it.  That isn't why they aren't being used (much).  Both parties are trying to avoid civilian casualties.  Throwing nukes around in atmosphere isn't a way of accomplishing that.  They could do it.  They don't want to for the same reason the USA isn't throwing nukes around the Middle-East.  But the Shivans would.

Bombs and torpedoes have multi-kiloton explosive payloads.  Anti-capital beam weapons do as well.  Anti-fighter missiles don't.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: emkay on January 18, 2015, 01:52:56 pm
I should also note while i am occupying that pedantry corner - the bulk of the damage caused by any explosion in atmosphere is caused by the overpressure wave.  Not by the fireball or flash.  As such, a nuclear explosion in space is actually much more like a high energy radiation bombardment than an explosion.  This is especially true of antimatter bombs which deliver virtually all of their energy in the form of photons.

The result would be an extremely quick flash followed by a rapid heating/ablation of the targets outer layers.  The actual explosion itself would not be that big - the fireball would mostly be absent as it would simply be the missile components flash vapourising.
Which is why it would actually be better to deliver considerably more antimatter than matter towards a target, so that the former can directly react with the target's hull... But, of course, that's not the point here.

Larger explosions would force the radiation to have a harder edge and would blast layers off the target.  Provided you had adequate methods for cooling or ablating damaged hull sections it isnt that hard to deal with nukes in space.

So, apart from the small amount of energy resulting in a more or less equally distributed sphere of fragments flying away, there is really "only" the radiation, right?
Why can't we just assume, that there's advanced material which basically reflects most part of the radiation away? At least for the visible range of light, I already have something like that hanging in my bathroom... :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheyah on January 18, 2015, 02:02:38 pm
Like I said.  Your own tech room gives Shivan beams gigaton payloads.  I don't think you realize just how damaging a relativistic particle beam actually is.  When we do it experimentally (we accelerate particle beams to around 40-50 MeV by explosive radiation pressure acceleration) we dump 50-500J into a solid target size less than 10 microns across and 10 nanometers deep  and the resulting shockwave explosively disassociates the target.  If a human was stood in that room, they would receive a fatal dose of radiation poisoning in a fraction of a second, even standing off axis.

The resulting particle beam scaled up to the sizes you're talking about (kilotons of plasma slurry) is over 200 megatons a second.

That's at 50 MeV.  Human achievable.  Shivan beam weapons, according to your tech room, is several hundred times more powerful than that.

If you are gonna go with that (I don't know why you would rip up such cool figures, but it's your mod) then you need to scale those beams down hugely.  By a factor of a million or more.  I am not being a knob when I say this, I hope, but when you say that FS1/2 throw around nonsense figures and that BP ignores them and all someone has to do is look up your own tech entry and there are figures even more ridiculous, it just seems...  a bit off.

I'm sorry if I sound like a dick for saying it.  I really am.  I am just really pedantic about acceleration science.  I work with this stuff all day.  For what its worth I think a narrative where every ship in the GTVA fleet isn't capable of singlehandedly wiping out planets is probably a good thing.  I just have to be pedantic about tech entries.

The offending tech entry can be instantly resolved by replacing kilotons with tons and the offending lightspeed quote with "relativistic".  Relativistic in physics terms just means anything between 0.3c and about 0.9c.  Super relativistic and ultra relativistic are much higher, gamma factors of 10-100+.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Rheyah on January 18, 2015, 02:15:26 pm
I should also note while i am occupying that pedantry corner - the bulk of the damage caused by any explosion in atmosphere is caused by the overpressure wave.  Not by the fireball or flash.  As such, a nuclear explosion in space is actually much more like a high energy radiation bombardment than an explosion.  This is especially true of antimatter bombs which deliver virtually all of their energy in the form of photons.

The result would be an extremely quick flash followed by a rapid heating/ablation of the targets outer layers.  The actual explosion itself would not be that big - the fireball would mostly be absent as it would simply be the missile components flash vapourising.
Which is why it would actually be better to deliver considerably more antimatter than matter towards a target, so that the former can directly react with the target's hull... But, of course, that's not the point here.

Nah, the reaction is the same.  The way an antimatter spray would work would be to erode the target piece by piece and shove hard radiation through the gaps causing ionisation in the target and destroying chemical bonds.  Further, since antimatter is generally produced in a charged form and is quite light, it could be deflected away from the target without any real difficulty.

Your problem then becomes delivery.  You need the target to be hit for it to be effective.  If all you are doing is spilling anti-matter on the target, it is best to do it using a relativistic beam.  As I previously mentioned, relativistic beams are in themselves incredibly destructive in a way far, far worse than antimatter can be by itself.  An anti-matter beam at 0.998c only contributes around an increased factor of two over a plasma beam of a similar nature.

The advantage antimatter has over fusion weaponry, purely hypothetically, is mass and energy density.  A weapon the size of Tsar Bomba (27 metric tons for which a sizeable amount was the fusion explosive itself) requires no trigger, generates purely hard radiation and is over 1,000 times more destructive.  A 27 tonne antimatter explosion would be in the mid gigaton range.

Larger explosions would force the radiation to have a harder edge and would blast layers off the target.  Provided you had adequate methods for cooling or ablating damaged hull sections it isnt that hard to deal with nukes in space.

So, apart from the small amount of energy resulting in a more or less equally distributed sphere of fragments flying away, there is really "only" the radiation, right?
Why can't we just assume, that there's advanced material which basically reflects most part of the radiation away? At least for the visible range of light, I already have something like that hanging in my bathroom... :)
[/quote]

Okay, so basically reflectivity is a function of the electron density of the target material.  The more electron dense the material, the more reflective it is to a given wavelength.  The problem with antimatter explosions and space based nuclear explosions is that they are primarily neutron radiation or hard xray or gamma radiation.  Neutron radiation cannot be deflected by anything other than nuclear density within a target and almost always causes secondary fission or fusion of heavy materials.  Hard xray and gamma radiation is staggeringly hard to reflect.

The caviat to this is if you have some bull**** powered tech (ie subspace shields) it hardly matters at all.  You can explain what you like as a plasma wash and say that early GW ships were just radiation hardened.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Alzurana on January 18, 2015, 03:00:14 pm
I wouldn't even go for antimatter if you're trying to explain normal anti fighter missiles, anyway. TNT loads are MUCH cheaper in production and deliver enough destructive energy to rip fighters apart. If you think about the speed and acceleration of a fighter one can assume that shields get an equal amount of energy from the internal reactor. 10kg of TNT would be enough to do the damage a Harpoon or Tornado actually does. Yes, the shockwave is gone but these warheads only damage the ship upon contact. You can assume that they are hollow explosive charges or armor-piercing charges which explode within the target for maximum damage.
I'd assume the BP team does a good job in ignoring most original tech room descriptions. Just think about it, people, most of them make no sense. Of course beams are a different story, all together. It would be better to find a new explanation for beam weapons because the original ones are planet crackers, as well. Same as the Tsunami bomb.

The advantage antimatter has over fusion weaponry, purely hypothetically, is mass and energy density.  A weapon the size of Tsar Bomba (27 metric tons for which a sizeable amount was the fusion explosive itself) requires no trigger, generates purely hard radiation and is over 1,000 times more destructive.  A 27 tonne antimatter explosion would be in the mid gigaton range.
Oh yes, a 27 metric tons to energy conversion is very big:
E = (27000 kg *c^2) / (4.168 TJ/kt of TNT)
E = 582207 gigatons of TNT
OR: 12 million Tsar Bombs
OR: 45 billion Hiroshima Bombs (Little Boy)

Okay, so basically reflectivity is a function of the electron density of the target material.  The more electron dense the material, the more reflective it is to a given wavelength.  The problem with antimatter explosions and space based nuclear explosions is that they are primarily neutron radiation or hard xray or gamma radiation.  Neutron radiation cannot be deflected by anything other than nuclear density within a target and almost always causes secondary fission or fusion of heavy materials.  Hard xray and gamma radiation is staggeringly hard to reflect.
A material which reflects any wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum? Good luck in finding that. As Rheyah said, neutron radiation is a big problem. If you're able to deal with that, good, but there's still a cocktail of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma, x-ray, microwaves, infra red and even visible light. Reflecting all of these is virtually impossible and your material will always absorb a percentage of that radiation. Your hull heats up and incinerates eventually. Especially with those ridiculous values like "500 metric tons mass to energy". Volition meant it well and back in the 90s such values were fancy. Don't take them for granted, though. :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: emkay on January 18, 2015, 03:07:10 pm
Well, Rheyah, it seems like you really are an expert on this matter - and antimatter.  :D

I never meant to justify anything, let alone some fantastic numbers. I was well aware that my thoughts would never stand against some serious scientific examination.
Yet, what I wanted to achieve is someone having a critical look on some more or less new ideas- just as you did. So honestly: Thank you for that.

As for the BP tech room note on the Sathanas: I agree with you that if one claims not to absurdly throw around numbers that make a Hiroshima bomb out of anti-fighter missiles, his own figures on other topics should very well hold against the same criticism. No offense to the BP guys here, of course. Everyone just tries as best as he can, and since BP is an absolutely brilliant mod with much work and effort put in it, I have no right to accuse or criticise anyone of anything.


Still, a question to the BP maintainers: Should / would / could it be possible to change or remove the "obviously wrong" numbers from the tech room even if it violates the original canon? (Only after some broad discussion and consensus on that, of course.)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: niffiwan on January 18, 2015, 03:43:11 pm
Firstly, I've been enjoying this discussion a lot, thank you all! :)

Secondly, I wish to join Rheyah in the pedantry corner for a second:

But think about this: Warheads in FreeSpace only damage a spaceship properly if they directly hit the hull. If you shoot them just meters away from the hull the damage by the shockwave is trivial.

Yes, the shockwave is gone but these warheads only damage the ship upon contact.

Actually, in the Freespace 2/Open engine any secondary weapon tabled to have a shockwave does non-trivial damage to the target even if it's shot down just metres away from the hull (e.g. Rockeyes and Harpoons). The tabled damage is applied to the hull on a direct hit, the same tabled damage (unless overridden by "Shockwave Damage") is also applied by the shockwave in a radius up to the 'Inner Radius' (20m for both Rockeyes & Harpoons).

i.e. the warheads damage at various distances is:
Contact: 2x
Within Inner Radius: x
Outside Outer Radius: 0 

(& in a pendantry fail, I can't remember if the Inner/Outer Radius are "less than" or "less than and equal"  :nervous:)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Aesaar on January 18, 2015, 05:20:20 pm
Like I said.  Your own tech room gives Shivan beams gigaton payloads.  I don't think you realize just how damaging a relativistic particle beam actually is.  When we do it experimentally (we accelerate particle beams to around 40-50 MeV by explosive radiation pressure acceleration) we dump 50-500J into a solid target size less than 10 microns across and 10 nanometers deep  and the resulting shockwave explosively disassociates the target.  If a human was stood in that room, they would receive a fatal dose of radiation poisoning in a fraction of a second, even standing off axis.

The resulting particle beam scaled up to the sizes you're talking about (kilotons of plasma slurry) is over 200 megatons a second.

That's at 50 MeV.  Human achievable.  Shivan beam weapons, according to your tech room, is several hundred times more powerful than that.

If you are gonna go with that (I don't know why you would rip up such cool figures, but it's your mod) then you need to scale those beams down hugely.  By a factor of a million or more.  I am not being a knob when I say this, I hope, but when you say that FS1/2 throw around nonsense figures and that BP ignores them and all someone has to do is look up your own tech entry and there are figures even more ridiculous, it just seems...  a bit off.

I'm sorry if I sound like a dick for saying it.  I really am.  I am just really pedantic about acceleration science.  I work with this stuff all day.  For what its worth I think a narrative where every ship in the GTVA fleet isn't capable of singlehandedly wiping out planets is probably a good thing.  I just have to be pedantic about tech entries.

The offending tech entry can be instantly resolved by replacing kilotons with tons and the offending lightspeed quote with "relativistic".  Relativistic in physics terms just means anything between 0.3c and about 0.9c.  Super relativistic and ultra relativistic are much higher, gamma factors of 10-100+.
I don't see the problem.  That's the tech entry for the goddamn BFRed.  That thing chews through anything and everything in a matter of seconds.  Why are you assuming it tells you anything about the firepower of GTVA ships? 

The BFRed is far, far, far beyond anything the GTVA can do.  It's beyond lighter Shivan beams.  It's the end-all be-all of direct fire weaponry.  Stop assuming other beams are anywhere near it.

And 16.5KT for a 50 year old light anti-fighter missile isn't a cool figure.  It's a stupid one that doesn't even come close to matching in-game effects, whether you say it's a shaped charge-ish warhead or not.  It makes absolutely no sense.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: CKid on January 18, 2015, 06:11:30 pm
I don't know. I always thought it would take a massive amount of fire power to destroy a fighter. Just look at the Hercules in the opening cut scene of FS2. It survived an un-controlled impacted from outer space. Burning through the atmosphere, slamming into the ground nose first upside down, and the whole damn thing is intact. Hell, even the pilot survived the crash. I think you would need a couple KT warheads to crack open such a durable craft.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Phantom Hoover on January 18, 2015, 06:45:37 pm
Like I said.  Your own tech room gives Shivan beams gigaton payloads.  I don't think you realize just how damaging a relativistic particle beam actually is.

We definitely do, we've specifically made fun of the insane yield of the BFRed on IRC in the past. The figures aren't there to be calculated with; they're flavour text. They could be removed or toned down, but ultimately I think the team's approach is that you shouldn't be thinking about the BP universe like this in the first place.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Meneldil on January 18, 2015, 10:13:00 pm
Amusingly those BFRed numbers aren't totally of the charts at the first look; the kinetic energy is at least 8 orders of magnitude below the death star, and the unobtanium the sathanases are made of needs to be only a bit denser than iridium for the recoil to not be a problem.
I do wonder though, what would actually happen if a kiloton of something hit a planet at that speed.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: X3N0-Life-Form on January 19, 2015, 07:04:10 am
I don't see the problem.  That's the tech entry for the goddamn BFRed.  That thing chews through anything and everything in a matter of seconds.  Why are you assuming it tells you anything about the firepower of GTVA ships? 

The BFRed is far, far, far beyond anything the GTVA can do.  It's beyond lighter Shivan beams.  It's the end-all be-all of direct fire weaponry.  Stop assuming other beams are anywhere near it.
Well, what I think the problem is that, from an ingame perspective, it takes more than a fraction of a second for a single of these planet-cracker-per-salvo thing to rip appart/vaporize ships bigger than corvettes. Yes it is beyond anything the GTVA has, but something with even a fraction of the firepower described in the techroom would still appear to be so by quite a margin. In any case, it's just a silly bit of techroom weapon trivia.

I usually think it's a bad idea to include figures regarding any piece of sci-fi tech because someone, somewhere is going to do the math and have a good laugh at how hilariously huge/tiny those figures are. In this case, I would do away with them entirely, say that the Alliance has trouble measuring just how powerful that thing is or whatever.

I do wonder though, what would actually happen if a kiloton of something hit a planet at that speed.
Here is fun read about a 200 feet-wide diamond hitting the Earth at various speed: https://what-if.xkcd.com/20/
I have no idea how big it actually is, or how much it weighs, but the end results are pretty funny nevertheless :)
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: qwadtep on January 19, 2015, 12:39:26 pm
I always assumed that the overblown numbers were because the game is an abstraction and realistically you'd be fighting at a distance of light-minutes where catching the enemy with a 16.5kt near-miss is a lot more reliable than actually hitting anything.

Amusingly those BFRed numbers aren't totally of the charts at the first look; the kinetic energy is at least 8 orders of magnitude below the death star, and the unobtanium the sathanases are made of needs to be only a bit denser than iridium for the recoil to not be a problem.
I do wonder though, what would actually happen if a kiloton of something hit a planet at that speed.
With some numbercrunching, 1 metric tonne at 0.9998c = 4.50023e24J, or a bit over a petaton. The dinosaurs were killed by a 120 teraton impact. Suffice to say such an attack would end all life on earth, consistent with Shivan bombardment. Twenty or so Sathanases blowing off the atmosphere instantly.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: emkay on January 19, 2015, 02:41:16 pm
To have a look from a different point of view, a task for the numbercrunchers here:
It should be possible to estimate the actual mass per shot from those values:
- t = Fire duration (7 seconds for the BFred)
- v = Plasma velocity (0.9998c)
- r = Plasma density (to be estimated by the expert physicists here)
- d = Beam diameter (to be estimated by the FS cracks here)

I'm not sure whether there are some relativistic issues which actually would need to be taken into account here. But if one assumes a cylindrical form of the overall beam, the calculation formula should be something like that:
 m = t * v * (d/2)^2 * r * PI

Now, just to get an idea of what the result could be, I will now assume some random values for r and d, being well aware that they are completely arbitrary:
 r = 1kg/m^3 (air)
 d = 10m

That gives us an actual mass of 7s * 0.9998 * 3*10^8 m/s * (10m/2)^2 * 1kg/m^3 * 3.14 = 164800545000 kg = 164800 kT
That's approximately 1000 times higher than the given value of 120 kT.

Now, would proper values for r and d give us something that is actually anywhere near 120 Kilotons...?


But as already pointed out by others before: All here is fiction, and the numbers really aren't there for doing calculations...
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: Meneldil on January 19, 2015, 04:48:59 pm
I do wonder though, what would actually happen if a kiloton of something hit a planet at that speed.
Here is fun read about a 200 feet-wide diamond hitting the Earth at various speed: https://what-if.xkcd.com/20/
I have no idea how big it actually is, or how much it weighs, but the end results are pretty funny nevertheless :)
I knew there must be a xkcd what if on the subject, thanks for finding it! :)

Anyway yeah, those number are too large, but they're surprisingly close to what we know Shivans are capable of, considering what Lucifer did to Vasuda and what Earth looked like in AoA. If they were an order of magnitude or two smaller, say at γ = 2, I'd call them perfectly in sync with other insane FS physics.
Title: Re: Canon references for Blue Planet concepts
Post by: JerichoDeath on January 19, 2015, 07:58:30 pm
Anyway yeah, those number are too large, but they're surprisingly close to what we know Shivans are capable of, considering what Lucifer did to Vasuda and what Earth looked like in AoA. If they were an order of magnitude or two smaller, say at γ = 2, I'd call them perfectly in sync with other insane FS physics.

I agree with that, in that it's really more important for the internal logic of the FS universe to be consistent.
It doesn't necessarily have to be completely on par with "Real Life".

(I kept arguing with myself about whether or not I should bring up the Lucifer...)