DubheProper names: Alpha Ursae Majoris, the Great Bear
Distance from Sol: ~125 light-years
Spectral class: K0IIIa
AlphardProper names: Alpha Hydrae; Alfard; Alphart; Kalbelaphard; Cor Hydrae
Spectral class: K3II-III
Barnard's StarProper names: Barnard's Star, Barnard's Runaway Star
Distance from Sol: 5.941 light-years
Spectral class: M4V
Companion (unnamed I):
Mass: 0.7 x Jupiter
Semimajor Axis: 3 A.U.s
Companion (unnamed II):
Mass: 1.15 x Jupiter
Period: 24 years
Semimajor Axis: 5 A.U.s
Besides moving across the terrestrial sky faster than any other star (almost a third of a degree of arc per century!), Barnard's Star, we are certain, has planets. Although we have never actually seen these planets, wobbles in Barnard's Star's course indicate that it has two invisible companions, one with a mass of 0.7 times that of Jupiter (0.0007 x Sol) orbiting it at 3 Astronomical Units, and one with a mass of 1.15 times that of Jupiter (0.0015 x Sol) orbiting it at 5 A.U.s with an orbital period of 24 years. However, since this is an old Population II star which formed before the galaxy became enriched with heavy elements, these planets are going to be carbon and metal poor, probably little more than heavy balls of hydrogen and helium. (One catalog even states that, despite its velocity’s moderate z-component, Barnard's Star actually belongs to the *very* old galactic halo population.)
The British Interplanetary Society once proposed Project Daedalus, a mission to send an unmanned spacecraft to Barnard's Star using a deuterium/helium-3 nuclear fusion reaction to provide thrust. Such a mission would require both a larger spacecraft-construction infrastructure, and better hot-fusion technology, than are currently available.
Wolf 359Proper names: CN Leonis
Distance from Sol: 7.797 light-years
Spectral class: M6eV
Variable type: UV Ceti flare star (eruptive variable)
Besides its proximity to our own sun, this tiny star is one of the least luminous known, even though astronomers suspect that such intrinsically faint stars are probably very common in space. Alpha Centauri Proxima is another super-dim star of this ilk; and, like Proxima Centauri, Wolf 359 is now known to be a flare star (hence the CN Leonis variable star designation). Wolf 359's flare outbursts are rarer and not as violent as those of Proxima Centauri or UV Ceti.
Luyten (L) 726-8Proper names: UV Ceti
Distance from Sol: 8.554 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Period: 200 years
Periastron distance: 4.119 A.U.s
Apastron distance: 25.10 A.U.s
Component A:
Proper names: BL Ceti
Spectral class: M5.5eV
Component B:
Proper names: UV Ceti, Luyten's Flare Star
Spectral class: M6eV
Properly, only the less bright star in this system (Luyten 726-8 B) bears the name UV Ceti, since it is a variable star — the UV indicates that this was the 35th variable star discovered in the constellation Cetus. It is an extreme flare star; in less than a minute, it can quintuple its total brightness, afterwhich it will fall back down to normal brightness levels within two or three minutes; and then flare suddenly again after several hours. In 1952, UV Ceti was observed flaring to 75 times its normal brightness in only 20 seconds!
If van de Kamp's orbital data are to be believed, these two stars would have to be exceedingly small and light -- their masses would be only 0.044 x Sol for the "A" star and 0.035 x Sol for UV Ceti. This would mean that, although each of these stars is brighter than Wolf 359, Wolf 359 would have a higher mass than both of these stars combined. However, if we assume that Worley & Behall's orbital data are the more accurate, the two stars' total mass would be 0.23 x Sol, which is more in keeping with the measurements of both their luminosities and their diameters.
No info on
LaramisRoss 128Proper names: FI Virginis
Distance from Sol: 10.89 light-years
Spectral class: M4nV
Variable type: UV Ceti flare star (eruptive variable)
No info on
Delta SerpentisSolProper names: Sol, Helios, The Sun
Spectral class: G2V
Detected companions: 8
The "8" in the Detected Planets entry is not an error. Pluto is not a "planet," but a huge, close-orbiting, low-eccentricity Kuiper Belt object. With a big moon. Of course, some die-hards out there still insist that it really is a planet, more for sentimental reasons than anything else. They're welcome to live in their little fantasy world. Neener neener.
Beta AquilaeProper names: Beta Aquilae, Alschain, 60 Aquilae
Distance from Sol: 44.7 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Observed Separation: 175 A.U.s
Component A:
Spectral class: G8IV
Component B:
Spectral class: M3V
AntaresProper names: Antares, Alpha Scorpii, Cor Scorpionis, 21 Scorpii
Distance from Sol: 604 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Periastron distance: 483 A.U.s
Apastron distance: 590 A.U.s
Component A:
Spectral class: M1Ib
Component B:
Spectral class: B4V-VI
No info on
RibosNo info on
IkeyaBeta CygniProper names: Alberio
Distance from Sol: 380 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Combined Spectral class: K0B8v
Period: 7,300 years
BetegeuseProper names: Betelgeuse, Betelgeux, The Martial Star, Alpha Orionis, 58 Orionis
Distance from Sol: 427 light-years
Spectral class: M2Ib
Its actual diameter varies from 550 to 920 times Sol. This may be indicative of instabilities within the star which could turn it into a supernova at any time.
VegaProper names: Vega, Alpha Lyrae, 3 Lyrae, Wega
Distance from Sol: 25.30 light-years
Spectral class: A0V
Partial Nebulous Properties
Capella, Polaris, Regulus, Deneb done before
Gamma DraconisProper names: Eltanin
Spectral class: K5III
Epsilon PegasiProper names: Enif
Spectral class: K21b
ProcyonProper names: Procyon, Alpha Canis Minoris, 10 Canis Minoris, The Little Dog Star
Distance from Sol: 11.41 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Periastron distance: 9.544 A.U.s
Apastron distance: 22.27 A.U.s
Component A:
Spectral class: F5IV-V
Component B:
Spectral class: DAwd (Eggen/Greenstein white dwarf (EG) 53)
Alpha CentauriProper names: Alpha Centauri, Alpha and Proxima Centauri,
Rigil Kentaurus, Toliman
Distance from Sol: 4.395 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Period: 79.92 years
Periastron distance: 11.42 A.U.s
Apastron distance: 35.78 A.U.s
Data for (A-B) and Proxima's orbit around one other:
Period: 500000 years
Observed Separation: 17,652 A.U.s
Component A:
Spectral class: G2V
Comfort Zone: 1.252 A.U.s
Component B:
Spectral class: K4V
Comfort Zone: 0.678 A.U.s
Component Proxima:
Proper names: Proxima Centauri, V645 Centauri, Alpha Centauri Proxima, Alpha Proxima
Distance from Sol: 4.223 light-years
Spectral class: M5eV
Variable type: UV Ceti flare star (eruptive variable)
Although the third brightest star in the system can be called "Alpha Centauri C," as per the usual naming convention, it is usually referred to as Proxima Centauri, since the dimmest star of this triplet happens to be THE closest star to our own sun. Proxima is a flare star; its flares about double the star's brightness, occurring sporadically from hour to hour. In fact, at any given moment, more than one flare may be operating. This varying brightness gave it the name "V645 Centauri" among variable star enthusiasts. Unfortunately, such flares are lethal to any life that might otherwise arise on planets in its comfort zone (if Proxima has any).
Life on planets orbiting Alpha Centauri A or B, however, is almost as likely as life in our own star system. Since the smallest gap between A and B is 11.3 Astronomical Units, any planets closer to A or B than one-quarter of this distance (2.9 A.U.s) would be in stable orbits. Furthermore, 2.9 A.U.s is wider than the comfort zone of either of these stars, so any planets in the comfort zones of A or B would also be within the stable orbit region. These stars are young enough to have developed when the galaxy was rich with life-supporting and solid-planet-supporting heavy elements, yet old enough for any life there to have evolved into complex forms.
AldebaranProper names: Aldebaran, Alpha Tauri, 87 Tauri
Distance from Sol: 65.1 light-years
Data for A and B's orbit around one other:
Observed Separation: 607 A.U.s
Data for C and D's orbit around one other:
Combined spectrum: KV-VI
Observed Separation: 33.9 A.U.s
Data for (A-B) and (C-D)'s orbit around one other:
Observed Separation: 2430 A.U.s
Component A:
Spectral class: K5III
Component B:
Spectral class: M2V
AltairProper names: Altair, Alpha Aquilae, 53 Aquilae
Distance from Sol: 16.77 light-years
Spectral class: A7V
No info on
Vasuda (of course)
------------------
'Captain' Nick Brown
Callsign: Pegasus V
E-mail:
[email protected]m.au