My US military history class, writing class, band class, and programing class all beg to differ with that statement.
But you pretty much got it dead on for Math and Chemistry. And I wouldn't be surprised if it varied from class to class, or even from teacher to teacher.
The entirety of my primary and secondary classes were this way. It wasn't until I got to college when I finally started learning instead of hearing others telling me what is what because the book says it is.
How so?
When students don't think about what they're seeing and hearing, they're not learning. Many say it is the lack of funding that is causing this deficit. But fact of the matter is that the foundations of any basic subject (certain parts of science and modern history excluded) don't change often enough to need books that are newer than even 20 years old. Many say it is because of a lower income. This is rubbish. Money doesn't affect how the brain dissects information. Many say the students don't care. No ****? Listening for hours a day with no inquisitive aspect to the learning process equates to a dull and repetitive task, rather than an interesting and dynamic experience.
By confronting a student with one of two greatly important questions (why? how?), it ensures that the student understands the material. Also, when a teacher uses the two most important parts of education, they can essentially teach why and how something works by showing why and how it
doesn't work. Also, while the who, what, where, and when are primarily taught, they are only as relevant as the why and how allow them to be. Outside the why and how, they are nothing more than knowledge.
There is a significant difference between knowledge and understanding.