The ship thing can only really be done if you have the SCP. If you do, great!

If not, there's still a way to do that.
There's two ways to do that. A sorta-cheat in the tech room, and WMCoolmon's Lab.
In the Tech Room, press CTRL+SHIFT+S which will unlock every ship in the ships.tbl. This resets itself when you go away and come back to it though.
The Lab is a bit different, but offers a larger view of the ships and you can temporarily modify their stats. On the main menu (where you choose where you want to go), hit F3 and you should come to a black screen with some options at the top. The ships classes will allow you to select ship models to view. The other options will allow you to do other things like read the tech description, or mess around with their stats.
The way you can do it without the SCP is to go into FRED and make a mission that gives you all descriptions of the ships. But that can be a bit tedious, because you have to add each one, one by one.
For your FRED1 problem, it sounds like you hit the limit of ships that FRED will accept. I've never really played with that FRED so that's just a guess. Maybe someone who's used it can tell you what the problem is.