ok, so I'm a rich guy and I want to scare all the lazy poor people into becoming more productive, so me and a bunch of my rich buddies decided to slaughter a few dozen slumdwellers, when I get caught why won't I be prosecuted with a hate crime.
You won't be prosecuted for a hate crime because current hate crime law doesn't exist for "salary level". The reason it doesn't exist is most likely because it almost never happens. People tend not to kill random people for the net worth. That's the "why". It's not a legal statute.
But in a basic principle, you would have committed a hate crime. You attacked people in a group with the intent to hurt or terrorize that group, not just that specific person. That is the essence of a hate crime. However, hate crimes have very specific things you "hate" on that get extra time. It's pretty straightforward.
or here is a really fun one, I get into a fight with a wesburough baptist, they claim hate crime, because I fought with them because of what their god tells them, this would be an accurate execution of the law.
The victim doesn't get to claim a hate crime any more than a victim can claim 1st degree murder or manslaughter. It's the job of the prosecutor to determine what crimes fit. A hate crime would fall under every normal due process of the judicial system.
There is leniency for people who have extenuating circumstances or have good behavior. They get extra time off. This is just the other end of the scale. This is an act a person has done that society considers "extra bad", so they get extra time. Society considers killing or harming a person
because of their age or race or whatever to be even more serious.
This is not a "You happened to be black" this is "because you are black" that is what makes it a hate crime.