Increased budget does not magically make us a space faring race in a mere 30 years.
It got us to the moon in a relatively short period of time. It's also about having abitious but achievable goals, which is something we haven't had either.
Alternatively the public needs to be convinced that they may receive personal gain from space exploration in their lifetime. it's not gonna happen.
It already has happened, in fact I even provided a list of commercial products that had their roots in the space program. The apollo program also led to more innovation, according to a BBC podcast I heard about it one of the benefits was a miniaturized microwave oven. You can't really come out with a blanket statement that says "they won't see any benefits within their lifetime" because you can't accurately predict the path innovation will take.
There's no trade routes to establish, no new natural resources to exploit without major hazards and financial backing.
There's more platinum in the asteroid belt than has ever been mined in the history of the world. Yes there are hazards, but that is also where innovation shines.
Money talks and there is no immediate money to gain in space.
There wasn't any immediate money to be made with sattelites either, or lasers, or quite a few technological innovations. Giving short term profit such an obscenely high priority over long term strategy is dangerous.
As long we have serious problems close to home, public is not interested in making space their focus.
And yet the US somehow conjures up billions of dollars to bomb other countries, as well as hundreds more billions of dollars a year to keep its mighty war machine. THAT is our focus, and it has nothing to do with solving any of those problems.
In fact overall I found the public to not really care much about anything meaningful beyond the economy. Too often the focus of their life and conversations is which celebreties are sleeping together, who won American Idol. The Cult of Celebrity very much has its hold on the American public, much to their detriment.
For most people its plenty enough if they can throw up satellites up there, beyond that why should they care because it wouldn't affect their everyday life much if at all.
A real space based economy has the potential to employ millions, not to mention be a driver of technological advance and change.