Author Topic: Juggernaut Crash  (Read 7973 times)

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Offline TrashMan

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSygPGLYE-Y

That is all.

No...

Dude... what the?
Is that episode called Boobytrap?!
I can imagine some cooler things under the term "boobytrap"  ;7

 

Offline bfobar

  • 28
Meh, its much more boring than all that. Orbital speeds at 1000km up aren't that fast (I'd say more like 5km/s impact speed), and the sathanas is going to be more like a 3km sphere. Half of it is long arms that you could fold back to stuff it in a box. Also, it is going to have internal space and lots of it. I figure it (like most all ships space and otherwise) would float if it landed in the ocean, so I'd use a density around 1000kg/m^3. Also if its coming down from orbit, it is going to hit at a very glancing angle most likely, so that gives the following impact:

Quote
Your Inputs:
    Distance from Impact: 150.00 km = 93.15 miles
    Projectile Diameter: 3000.00 m = 9840.00 ft = 1.86 miles
    Projectile Density: 1000 kg/m3
    Impact Velocity: 5.00 km/s = 3.10 miles/s
    Impact Angle: 20 degrees
    Target Density: 2500 kg/m3
    Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Energy:
    Energy before atmospheric entry: 1.77 x 1020 Joules = 4.22 x 104 MegaTons TNT
    The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4 billion years is 4.0 x 105years

Major Global Changes:
    The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
    The impact does not make a noticeable change in the Earth's rotation period or the tilt of its axis.
    The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.

Crater Dimensions:
    What does this mean?


    Transient Crater Diameter: 7.87 km = 4.89 miles
    Transient Crater Depth: 2.78 km = 1.73 miles

    Final Crater Diameter: 10.3 km = 6.43 miles
    Final Crater Depth: 0.598 km = 0.371 miles

    The crater formed is a complex crater.
    At this impact velocity ( < 12 km/s), little shock melting of the target occurs.

    Thermal Radiation:
        What does this mean?


        At this impact velocity ( < 15 km/s), little vaporization occurs; no fireball is created, therefore, there is no thermal radiation damage.

    Seismic Effects:
        What does this mean?


        The major seismic shaking will arrive at approximately 30 seconds.
        Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.7
        Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 150 km:

              VI. Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.

              VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken.


    Ejecta:
        What does this mean?


        The ejecta will arrive approximately 177 seconds after the impact.
        Average Ejecta Thickness: 1.01 cm = 0.399 inches
        Mean Fragment Diameter: 2.23 cm = 0.879 inches


    Air Blast:
        What does this mean?


        The air blast will arrive at approximately 455 seconds.
        Peak Overpressure: 34600 Pa = 0.346 bars = 4.92 psi
        Max wind velocity: 71.7 m/s = 160 mph
        Sound Intensity: 91 dB (May cause ear pain)
        Damage Description:


              Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.

              Glass windows will shatter.

              Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.

At 150 km, you get a magnitude 7.7 earthquake, and a nearly fatal airblast. Thats about the destructive limit, so you wipe out most of England, but probably not too much more.
I assume the sathanas is made out of a very light and hard superalloy so it is probably sitting half buried in the crater.
On that note, the impact simulator assumes that the projectile uses energy from the impact to destroy itself. If the sathanas survives, it may end up buried much deeper under the crater, and may supress a lot of air blast, making the crash even less destructive.

  

Offline Herra Tohtori

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Meh, its much more boring than all that. Orbital speeds at 1000km up aren't that fast (I'd say more like 5km/s impact speed)

Remember that you need to consider the kinetic energy from the thousand (well, about 900 km or so till atmosphere starts to decelerate it measurably) kilometre descent as well.

The only way an object from high earth orbit would suddenly fall to earth is if it's velocity suddenly decreased enough to bring the perigee inside the planet's surface sphere. For sake of simplicity, let's say that the object is at roughly 3600 kilometres altitude spherical orbit (10000 km orbital radius). At this situation, orbital velocity is slightly less than 6000 m/s (5900 m/s to be exact).

Suddenly, the ship's thrusters grossly malfunction due to battle damage or Carl's lunch dripping blood over control panels and causing a short, whatever. The thrusters fire up in retrograde direction, which causes the orbital velocity to decrease. The required velocity change to bring the perigee within the planet's surface(orbit intersects planet ie. collision occurs) is about 700 m/s from this particular orbit; when orbital velocity at 10000 km apogee is less than approximately 5200 m/s, the orbit's perigee sinks below the planet's surface. This means a very shallow impact angle, however; for greater impact angle the delta v needs to be larger, and correspondingly the impact velocity will be slightly less.




However, from this point the ship's velocity increases as it's falling towards the planet. Crossing the semi-minor axis point, the orbital velocity is already at about 7000 m/s and increasing.



At the beginning of atmospheric entry, velocity is about 8200 m/s which is scarily close to my initial estimation of 8 km/s which I presented here :nervous:. I flew a delta glider in Orbiter to test the numbers (it was faster than calculating and more fun) and a Sathanas would have the same trajectory up until the point of atmospheric entry, after which it wouldn't be significantly slowed down by atmosphere like my puny little glider - it would hit the ground at around 8 km/h with this kind of start-up orbital situation.



Quote
...and the sathanas is going to be more like a 3km sphere. Half of it is long arms that you could fold back to stuff it in a box. Also, it is going to have internal space and lots of it. I figure it (like most all ships space and otherwise) would float if it landed in the ocean, so I'd use a density around 1000kg/m^3. Also if its coming down from orbit, it is going to hit at a very glancing angle most likely, so that gives the following impact:

Sounds pretty much the same as my rationales for my values earlier. :)

Of course, nothing forces the Sathanas to settle on an orbit to begin with - it could be on hyperbolic trajectory around Sun and hit the Earth at any given speed within reasonable limits. Something like 100 km/s wouldn't sound too impossible for such situation if you want to maximize the destruction...
« Last Edit: October 25, 2009, 07:42:53 pm by Herra Tohtori »
There are three things that last forever: Abort, Retry, Fail - and the greatest of these is Fail.

 

Offline Thadeus

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Now calculate the impact force of a Sathanas going 25 m/s.

*kills topic*

 

Offline Droid803

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Much less? That's like 0.025 km/s...or 90 km/h...
About the speed of a truck on a highway.
(´・ω・`)
=============================================================

 

Offline Herra Tohtori

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Now calculate the impact force of a Sathanas going 25 m/s.




Impact force depends on how fast it stops.

F = m dv/dt

m = mass

dv = change of velocity in certain time dt.


Kinetic energy is ½m*v2 and impulse of the impact is m*v, but the impact force depends on what it hits. The faster it stops, the faster the kinetic energy is converted into thermal enrgy, mechanical work (which is spent on transformations of both impact soil and the ship itself, as well as seismic waves) and small amount of gravitational waves. There are differences whether it hits earth, sedimentary or crystalline stone, or water, how deep and what the ocean bottom is made of... Basically, the softer the impact, the less "sharp" the seismic waves, meaning their peak amplitude is somewhat reduced. Total energy released in the impact is same, but it would manifest in different forms.
There are three things that last forever: Abort, Retry, Fail - and the greatest of these is Fail.