Ironically, neutrons do change type. Free neutrons' half-life is 881.5±1.5 seconds, and they decay into proton, electron, and electron's antineutrino.
Of course, neutrons in unstable nuclei also exhibit this behaviour, in which case it's called beta
- decay. The half-life of neutrons in nuclei is longer, though, due to nuclear interactions.
...although you shouldn't be too quick to assume that a neutron is made of an electron and a proton. It doesn't work that way - a neutron is made of three quarks of up, down, down variety, while a proton consists of up, up, down quarks in the standard model of particle physics.
...and just to confuse things, a proton in unstable atomic nucleus can also decay into a neutron, a positron, and electron's neutrino. This is called beta
+ decay.
Like before, you shouldn't think that a proton is made of a neutron and a positron.
