solitary quarks violate confinement and you'll only find them in very high energy states
Yeah basically what happens is that quarks are linked to other quarks via gluons, the intermediary particles of
strong interaction (also known as strong nuclear force or colour force).
Gluons have an interesting property that the further you stretch the quarks from each other, the bigger the force pulling the quarks back together gets.
This means that as you pull quarks apart from their particle, you are essentially adding a LOT of energy into the system.
At some point, yes, the gluon attachement will break - but that's because the energy you have fed into the system pulling quarks apart actually materializes as new quarks, resulting in formation of quark-antiquark pair. These newly minted quarks will then form new joint quark particles with the original nearby quarks, rather than the quarks floating around alone after you've pulled them apart.
This results in interesting things such as conservation of baryon number, and it also appears likely that all particles formed of quarks have an electric charge in multipliers of
e rather than fractional charges like the quarks.
So, that covers why individual quarks do not appear.
As to the other part of question:
Bosons are not same kind of particles as fermions.
Standard model of particle physics consists of two families of particles: Fermions and bosons.
What we know as matter is built of fermions. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi, and they obey the Fermi–Dirac statistics in quantum mechanics (these names are not a coincidence, in case you haven't guessed).
Fermions are further divided into baryons and leptons.
Baryons are particles that consist of quarks, and they are
further still divided into hadrons and mesons. Hadrons consist of three quarks, while mesons are quark-antiquark pairs.
Quarks are particles characterized by a property called "colour charge". There are three different colours, typically called Red, Green and Blue (and, if you want to be pedantic, you could name the antiquark properties Cyan, Magenta and Yellow!).
There are six (known) types of quarks, usually named up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom (don't ask, these are not supposed to be properties that make sense per ce, they are just named so to cause least amount of confusion when handling these particles in non-mathematical format like natural language).
All joint quark particles have neutral colour charge (also known as white). To achieve this, all hadrons consist of three differently coloured quarks, much like a white pixel on your display. Mesons are also white, but they have a quark of a colour, and antiquark of corresponding anticolour. For example, proton consists of up, up and down quarks, and these would be of red, green and blue variety to make the proton have neutral colour charge.
Meson could have a red up-quark, and a cyan up-antiquark.
As you might guess, having matter and antimatter in a single particle does not exactly encourage stability, and thus all mesons are unstable to varying degrees. Their decaying products depend on the charge of the meson, and vary between leptons and bosons.
Leptons are small elementary particles. The three most known are electron, myon and tau. Neutrons also belong to the lepton family; as symmetry would suggest, each lepton has its own neutrino and antineutrino types (you may have read of electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino in some publication). Basically, muon and tau can be thought of as heavier cousins of electrons - they have largely similar characteristics except they are not stable, have higher mass and that's about what I remember of them straight out of my head.
The other main family of particles in standard model are the aforementioned
bosons. They are so named after Satyendra Nath Bose, and they obey Bose-Einstein statistics.
Like with Fermions, the names are not a coincidence.
However, instead of being "particles" in a classical sense (which you should forget about anyway when dealing with anything with quantum or relativity in its name), they act as intermediary particles for the
interactive forces of nature. Bosons are much more varied than fermions, but at the same time more restricted in their role in the universe.
For example, photon is the boson of electromagnetic interaction. It transmits electromagnetic forces, and freely traveling photons can be detected as electromagnetic radiation. There is also a whole slew of phenomena that are basically explained by virtual photons. Photons are massless and travel at... speed of light.
For the other interactions of nature, we have:
Weak interaction (aka weak nuclear force) which has three bosons; W
+-boson, W
--boson, and Z-boson. These bosons have mass, and they have a curious property that neutrinos are only able to interact via W- or Z-bosons. Other forces (aside from gravity) seem to not affect them.
Strong interaction (aka strong nuclear force or colour force) which is mediated by a particle called gluon. This can be thought of as a blob-like entity that stretches when you pull it apart, and much like with a spring, has a harmonic force that increases as you deflect it from the balance point (this causes the earlier described phenomenon with taking quarks apart from reach other; like a spring, its energy just increases as you stretch it more and more.
In a way you could consider the quark-antiquark formation as analogoous to the gluon spring "breaking". But instead of "breaking" in conventional sense, the energy loaded into it simply converts into different form...
The last major interaction of the nature is by far the most mysterious. Gravity.
So far, we do not have a theory of quantum gravity that would work with precision equal to General Relativity. In fact, quantum gravity theories seem to break apart at very small small distances, causing infinite forces, or predicting much higher gravitational interactions than we can see actually happening. It is a mystery currently why gravity is so weak at very small distances, yet insanely strong force at a distance. In cosmological perspective, gravity could just as well be the ONLY force that affects the macroscopic universe in the galactic scale.
Well, that's an exaggeration I guess. You need to take account the other forces when you're simulating the early universe. But pretty soon the distances between objects in universe became so big that nuclear forces and electromagnetic forces were hopelessly stomped by gravity... and the mysterious cosmological force that accelerates the expansion of universe, of course.
The hypothetic intermediary particle of gravity is called, quite unimaginatively, graviton.
As you might have guessed, bosons don't really exist alone either*, much less form some sort of exotic atoms with other particles. Unless you want to consider quark-gluon particles such.
EDIT: Gauge boson is another often used term for bosons that transmit interactions.
...and after reading this you should remember, in immortal words of Mr. Python: "It's only a model."
By that I mean that you shouldn't be thinking of these particles as some sort of really small objects. Elementary particles in standard model are dimensionless, and there's no way of saying if quantum mechanics and standard model of particle set actually accurately describe what is going on, BUT they do produce very, very, very, very accurate predictions.
If you want to get more into what a particle is, and how bosons apply forces between particles, and the more exotic implications of particle physics (such as multidimensional string theories) you'll have to find another person to get answers from. I suggest going to library and searching for some books by Stephen Hawking, Michio Kaku, Richard Feynman and possibly Carl Sagan (for cosmological context of all this stuff).
Also, I wouldn't call these particular ones "stupid questions". Ignorant perhaps, but stupid would be to stay ignorant.
*obviously bosons can exist alone, but they are always an intermediary of interaction between particles. For example, photon is always emitted by charged particle, and absorbed by charged particle at some point... probably. There is a possibility that a photon could just travel endlessly without ever meeting a charged particle to pass its energy to... but that's when the universe undergoes thermal death and the average energy density of universe drops, and finally all matter degenerates into black holes, which slowly radiate themselves into nothingness via Hawking radiation... and then there will only be an endless space full of photons that never interact with anything...
...ever.
