I'm fairly sure it's just being repaired at the closest dock until it can go back and do some shooting. Admiral Carey just stood by what she thought right. That's what everyone does in this war. Her way of supporting it was underhanded at the very least, but it's not like the Tevs distance themselves from such methods.
Aessar: I didn't have that much info on how/why the GTVA distributes its forces, and I tend not to speculate. I understand your point. Steele's superior tactics and leadership plus the GTVA-s philosophy about fighting is what got them so far. That philosophy of "sacrifice one to save two" also gives way to more aggressive strategies and is more flexible.
As for the Carthage, I agree, military wise it wouldn't have been a battle that ends the war, but it could have some political effects and it would certainly buy some time for that crazy plan of the elders.
LordPomposity: If it's that easy to gather intel with stealth fighters, then why don't both sides use it everywhere? Just send one "a couple hundred kilometers" off of anything they want to observe, and there you go, 100% accurate real time intel on all ships, planets, installations etc. Whenever they see a jump, just use its vectors to follow the jumping ship.
My point is, I don't think that it's that simple. If it is, I'd seriously ask someone from BP to correct that because it's horrifyingly 'overpowered' and would make recon/intel gathering rather dull.