Really, all over the Middle East (aside from Israel, but it has it's own problems) the most widespread mentality is that of tribal village folk. A lot of times, it goes along with actually living in a poor, run down village that's hardly better (sometimes worse, even) than what people lived in 2000 years ago. Sometimes, though, one of those villagers came across oil and from a small time chieftain turned into an oil Sheik and his people into rich businessmen. Inside, though, they remained the backwards villagers they were before.
In general, I believe this is the root of all problems with the Middle East. Technological advance was brought about by other countries and thus didn't go along with cultural advance, which is what is needed to have a stable country. They have weapons, money and power, but are, on average, not mature enough to make proper use of all that. Thus power gets abused, money gets wasted and weapons are used way too much. That's not to say there isn't progress, but it'll take a lot of time till they can really be trusted with what they have now.