Originally posted by Janos
Yes, one could certainly minimize the need for food/basic necessities supplies, but if you're going to use the base as a hop-off point for long-range missions, then why bother to go for full self-sufficiency if you're going to visit every now and then in any case? It could even be cheaper to try to not make the base entirely self-sufficient. The need for manpower in that kind of installation would require any self-sustainable system to be pretty large (I think).
Reduces the long term support costs. If you're planning on having a base for a decade or so, I'd bet it's a lot cheaper in terms of simple transport if they can supply their own food, etc, over the long term.
It also prevents against problems if for some reason the heavy-lift capacity gets buggered up, i.e. as with the shuttle justnow. Also acts as a lift-off point for further development; means you can use the saved lift capacity for, say, mining tools instead of more oxygen tanks or freeze-dried ice cream.
Um...actually, I don't think you'd have heavy manpower anyways. I'd imagine it'd be primarily automated, particularly in terms of fabrication of stuff like rockets.
This is, interestingly, a page on a plan formed in 1984 for a full scale moon base by 2005, and self-sufficient (including fabrication of tools) by 2018 or so;
http://www.astronautix.com/craft/jsce1984.htm