I'm going to assume you're meaning the trailed blobs coming out of the Opotos (top left)
Well, they work like this. Those are energy VLS missiles and they work via technological means beyond human comprehension. I would've handwaved it as hypermagnetic miniature missiles being coated by a lot of layers of plasma, but then I realized the turrets that launch them are basically particle emiters and not tubes so that went out the door. In terms of tables, it's more or less a swarm missile that uses a laser bitmap instead of a model and then has a 360 view cone with a little free flight time.
The other weapons are just plain boring pulse turrets and beams.