As far as the whole water and ice thing is concerned, there is a lot of theory about it, but even given the natural tendency of water to be sticky still doesnt explain how something that is losing energy can expand. Yes, the skin on water is fully explainable, but whilst there are theories on how it works, no-one has ever produced a testable demonstration. Low energy levels should not, according to our knowledge of physics allow for expansion, molecules should be less reactive when at low energy levels not actively seeking out extra bonds. It obviously does, those bonds do exist, but no-one actually knows why they do so at such a low energy level.
The second question causes a lot of consternation to scientists because of the mass action law, its like putting granulated sugar into a glass of water and expecting it to create a sugar cube. Once again theories exist, but no testable proof.
As for the third question, yes, thats exactly what I am saying, physics in particular has started to move so far into the realms of the theoretical that it makes no sense even to those who are studying it...
Allow me to quote Michio Kaku on Superstrings...
'The Heterotic string consists of a closed string that has two types of vibrations, clockwise and counterclockwise, which are treated differently. The Clockwise vibrations live in ten-dimensional space. The counter-clockwise live in a 26 dimensional space of which 16 have been compactified (we recall that in Kazua's original five-dimensional, the fifth dimension was compactified by being wrapped up into a circle).'
It just seems to me that Particle Physics, in particular has pretty much lost the plot and is making stuff up as it goes along on a sub-atomic level.
I'm simply trying to make the balance that science cannot explain everything, however, simply because it cannot, that doesn't mean it's invalid, it simply means there's a lot more to learn.