Just don't park it on my backyard..
It all sounds too massive to be practical/resource efficient. And (as much as I gather) you need to go with a full scale implementation from the beginning - the risks are astronomical.
Well, to be honest, it would need to be set in around 10-20km
2, just to be on the safe side, though I'm not too certain what would happen in the event of a catastrophic failure, since, as far as I can visualise it, it would start travelling at different speeds depending on how close to the centre of gravity it is.
That, however, might be completely off-base, since it's easy to fall into the trap of visualising it bending as the Earth spins, which wouldn't happen, since geostationary orbits don't work like that.
I suppose it's theoretically possible that, like the ball on a string, if it broke, it would fall 'upwards' from our point of view...
Why waste all that thrust? Even with lighter ships, why bother using all that fuel to get outside our own gravity field when a ship exactly the same size, but taken up on the Elevator would have something like 20 times the range.
Our biggest Achilles heal when it comes to Space Exploration isn't travelling between between planets, it's getting from the ground to orbit, that takes almost all the resources that are put into the programme. Eliminate that and putting a satellite in orbit is the cost of building a satellite, just a satellite, and the price of a lift-ride. You've reduced the costs and resource demand by a massive amount for each launch.
When it comes to energy conservation, I'm not sure how much this could change the general energy budgets. In Physics, the work (unit energy) is defined as a line integral of potential field multiplied by the trajectory of the moving particle. Since the trajectory is approximately the same in both cases, the only energy that can be saved is caused by air friction. But some amount of energy is required to keep the space elevator up and running. So in total, I don't see much difference in the energy itself.
However, this doesn't mean that it wouldn't be a cheaper method to lift things on orbit since there is not that much of need to construct the delivery vessel again.
Mika
True, I'm not certain of the exact energy requirements as such, depends how the Lift itself is powered, but I would have thought that a simple ratchet system would prevent the requirement for 9.8m/s
2 thrust to achieve escape velocity, which means that you don't have to burn all that fuel fighting against Gravity.
I think the current idea is to hook up a few orbital Solar Panels to the exit-point of the elevator, and they would provide the pulling power, but as to whether Solar Panel tech can provide that kind of power, and how big those panels would have to be in order to do so, I really couldn't say.