*facepalm* Sorry for leaving this discussion for so long.
DemocracyMy intention in stating the demographic issue Israel might face in the future, with the Israeli Arabs potentially outnumbering the Israeli Jews, is that
because Israel
is a democracy, arriving at a point where the Arab citizens outnumber the Jewish ones
does conflict with Israel having been founded as a Jewish state. If Israel was a dictatorship, there wouldn't be a problem - the Arab citizens would eventually outnumber the Jewish citizens, but the government would be unaffected by this because "hey, who cares about the majority, we're a Jewish state!" But instead, we
do have a democracy, where the majority of the people
does decide who gets elected, and thus we
might end up having a conflict between the democratic process, and the original intent behind Israel's foundation.
Let me be perfectly clear: I'm not saying that the original intent overrides the democratic process. I'm also not saying that the democratic process overrides the original intent.
I don't know - nobody does (that I know of). That's why it's called a conflict - when two values have results that aren't in agreement with each other.
CitizenshipNow as to the claims that Israel isn't a proper/full/whatever democracy because of the rights of attaining citizenship:
A Jew in Israel can marry a Jew anywhere else in the world and have them get Jewish citizenship. An Arab cannot. How can you possibly claim that isn't affecting someone's rights?
Every democratic country has their own rules, regulations, and laws concerning the granting of citizenship. Take the US: we've all seen the "Live and Work in the US" banner ads hawking the Green Card lotteries. Why Green Cards if it's a democracy and anyone can become a citizen? Well, because
there are certain rules in place that determine who can become a citizen and who can't. Take note that the US has historically been more open to accepting the outcasts than most other nations, largely due to the circumstances of the US's founding (many colonists were fleeing from religious persecution, etc).
Back to Israel, which has it's own rules for allowing a person to become a citizen. In Israel's case, however, many rules are genealogically-based. Take me, for example. My father is fully Jewish (by birth - I'm not talking about religion here at all). My mother isn't at all. Under the
Law of Return, my parents and my brother and I all got citizenship (from the Wikipedia: "The Law of Return provides sanctuary to anyone covered by the definition under the
Nuremberg Laws"). Since my father is Jewish, not my mother, I'm not considered Jewish by the State of Israel, and yet, when I married my also-not-Jewish American wife, she began the process of getting her citizenship here as well (the 5-year process is primarily to verify that it's a true marriage, and not just a paper marriage as a means to attaining citizenship).
Now, to the Israeli Arab side of things. After the Second Intifada, Israel passed the
Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law, which "makes inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza Strip ineligible for the automatic granting of Israeli citizenship and residency permits that is usually available through marriage to an Israeli citizen." This law is hotly debated, considered by many to be racist, etc. Since it's geared towards preventing enemies of Israel from attaining Israel citizenship, I don't see it any different from the American citizenship test, where "The new test probes for signs that immigrants 'understand and share American values.'" If a nation isn't going to protect itself from being undermined from within by those who want it destroyed, what point is there in that nation existing?
LegalityFinally, the legality issue always comes up in these discussions. The 1967 borders (a.k.a. the Green Line, or the "border" of the West Bank), Jerusalem / East Jerusalem, etc. If you're interested in any of that, watch this video for some insight about the post-WWI San Remo conference and what it means for the legality of Israel and Palestine:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVsjNzXojCM