Yes, as well as Japan (allied with America and Europe), a Middle Eastern faction (allied with the Russians) and a faction of space colonies (pretty much against everyone because all those colonies used to belong to somebody). China is neutral.

New menu system. There are two new ships that were added after this screenshot that I have no good pictures of, the Al-Hafiz P22 (Arab fighter) and the Han-Ronald Shrike (colonist fighter). The "F-16 Vindicator" is just a dummy ship placed in the root FS2 directory, so it appears at the end of tech room listings. If it's there, I know I haven't exceeded the ship limit.
And when the tech description says "threaten capital ships", it means "shoot turrets off of". Even the heaviest fighter cannons will only be able to damage capship turrets and regular fighter weapons will do nothing to them. Only torpedoes can really deliver the hurt against capships.