In a combat zone, it generally behooves you to have several fighters ready for immeditate launch, fully loaded with weapons and fuel, pilots sitting in the cockpits, spotted for launch. That's your ready group, and probably the 3 or 4 wings we see launch in defense of a destroyer under attack are the ready group.
The majority of what's left would be on Alert 5 status (can be launched in five minutes or less; most often less) with full loads of weapons and fuel but the pilots off sleeping or whatever. The name is misleading; generally you can get them off much faster then that, five minutes represents the absolute slowest-case scenario. Then you'd have some on Alert 15 status (being reloaded or refueled, or having minor maintance done, but if needed they can be launched relatively quickly), and finally those which are downgrudged and unfit for flight ops without major maintance.
Depending on just how good the destroyer's deck crew is, you might be able to launch a four-fighter wing every thirty seconds after you've launched the ready group.
In fact, if you consider how a lot of the time they seem to be able to launch a bomber wing the moment somebody sends a cruiser or corvette after them, one might think that they could be launching more fighters, they just don't.