What you don't seem to get is that, in the absence of capital ship shields, any escorting formation can be breached. Even by a maneuver as simple as "launch attack on target's starboard to draw off the escort a bit, then shock-jump your killer in from port".
What you also don't seem to get is that specialized ships, due to their very nature, have very general vulnerabilities that can be easily exploited.
Another thing you don't get is that in FS, there are no front lines. There is no "rear area" where you can park a Carrier, unless by "rear area" you mean "in a secured system one fortified jump node away".
Then there's the thing where the typical FS engagements are usually over in a matter of minutes. The second you are caught, you are in very, very high danger.
I direct your attention to this
Ahem. The Titan class ships (Like the Temeraire) are specialized carriers in BP. The Raynor class vessels (like the Orestes) are specialized Destroyers. Yet each of them can perform satisfactory in the other ones' role.
In that way, they mirror the Hecate/Orion pair of the Second Incursion, but the Titan is a much better ship killer than the Hecate, while the Raynor is a much better Carrier than the Orion.
This division of labour increases the tactical flexibility of the whole fleet, since both Destroyers are capable of filling the tactical role the other one specializes in. Strategically, it has the advantage of redundancy, if one Destroyer would be taken out, the other one does not suddenly develop a massive vulnerability against a specific form of attack.
Question would be, would your proposed Carrier be able to survive Forced Entry, and the operations leading up to it? Remember, the Temeraire was fighting a holding action while your fighter wing secured the Knossos, with her escorts being sent off one by one to make their way through the portal. Had she been a specialized Carrier, that tactic would not have worked.
However at the end it was said it was the GTVA's most powerful fleet. Obviously the first to charge into the portal. They arn't specialized carriers...
The 14th Battlegroup is the strongest formation in the GTVA because its tactical doctrine and ship designs have been thought out very carefully. Their relative lack of specialization is what makes them powerful.
Please answer the question: How would your proposed Carrier BG, operating under the same constraints as the Temeraire task force (that is, your dedicated ship killer and half your escorts are unavailable and you have two ships that are utterly defenseless but vital to the mission to escort through a jumpgate in a system with a massive Shivan presence) fare?
For reference, the Temeraire's plan here was to engage the Shivans in one part of the system and draw out as massive a response as possible from them, then peel off the Cruiser screen, the Corvettes, followed by the most vulnerable ships, with the Temeraire bringing up the rear.