No, they're not fast enough to dodge missiles. But you should get your vroom-vroom capship fix.
The new speed scales are as follows:
Supercapitals/Heavy Destroyers: 40-45 m/s
Light Destroyers, Corvettes, Heavy Cruisers: 45-50 m/s
Strike Cruisers and similar ships: 50-55 m/s
Bombers: 65-70 m/s
Assault Fighters: 75-80 m/s
Space Superiority: 85-95 m/s
Interceptors: 100-110 m/s
These are numbers for the GTVA Terrans. Vasudan and Shivan ships are a tiny bit faster.
The Earth-Native Terrans have huge, honkin' destroyers that zoom around at 60 m/s, and a generic, high-tech, multirole fighter that gets up to 105 m/s. They're running antimatter thrusters.
The Paralell-Future Terrans' ships are similarly fast - although they have specialized fighters. Included is a crazy-fast interceptor - 130 m/s base speed.
Also, afterburners have some changes, across all factions/species. They last roughly twice as long, and the recharge rate is slightly less than half that of normal retail FS2. The rate of acceleration (real acceleration in game, not tabled acceleration) is roughly analogous to FS2 retail, but the top speed is much, much higher. Most ships in afterburner can break 300 m/s, but it takes them a little while to get going that fast.
Primary weapon projectile speed has gone up about 20-30%, along with most missiles. The long-range anti-bomber missile for each faction also flies fast enough to hit targets that are afterburning away. Fighters got so fast with extended afterburner burns, they'd actually outrun some slower missiles, just by flying off in a straight line.
Also, on the note of treb-style missiles - they're extremely fun. They fly fast enough that they're usable as a second gun. They don't home in very well on anything except bombers, but they're fast enough you can launch without lock at short range, like a tempest.