Did you remember to select the new build in the launcher? Use standard unless your PC is really, really, really old. SSE is a standard feature of PC processors for at least a decade running.
Looking at your debug log:
==========================================================================
DEBUG SPEW: No debug_filter.cfg found, so only general, error, and warning
categories can be shown and no debug_filter.cfg info will be saved.
==========================================================================
FreeSpace 2 Open version: 3.7.0.9755
Passed cmdline options:
-missile_lighting
-3dshockwave
-soft_particles
-post_process
-fxaa
-cache_bitmaps
-ballistic_gauge
-dualscanlines
-orbradar
-rearm_timer
-targetinfo
-3dwarp
-ship_choice_3d
-weapon_choice_3d
-warp_flash
-snd_preload
-mod MediaVPs_2014
-window
Building file index...
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_A-Glows.vp' with a checksum of 0xd8f529e2
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Advanced.vp' with a checksum of 0x337ffc37
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Assets.vp' with a checksum of 0x23b7997e
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_CB_ANI_1.vp' with a checksum of 0xa69eade8
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_CB_ANI_2.vp' with a checksum of 0x070ae320
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Effects.vp' with a checksum of 0x6fbd3357
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Music.vp' with a checksum of 0x6c8f665e
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_RadarIcons.vp' with a checksum of 0x04a9e65a
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Root.vp' with a checksum of 0x107a739e
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\Root_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0xce10d76c
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\smarty_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0xddeb3b1e
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\sparky_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0x164fe65a
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\sparky_hi_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0xa11d56f1
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\stu_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0xd77da83a
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango1_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0x4c25221e
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango2_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0x86920b82
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango3_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0x705e8d71
Found root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\warble_fs2.vp' with a checksum of 0xd85c305d
Searching root 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\' ... 0 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_A-Glows.vp' ... 1735 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Advanced.vp' ... 1654 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Assets.vp' ... 2015 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_CB_ANI_1.vp' ... 32 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_CB_ANI_2.vp' ... 57 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Effects.vp' ... 2063 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Music.vp' ... 32 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_RadarIcons.vp' ... 24 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\MediaVPs_2014\MV_Root.vp' ... 848 files
Searching root 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\' ... 15 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\Root_fs2.vp' ... 157 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\smarty_fs2.vp' ... 10 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\sparky_fs2.vp' ... 3027 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\sparky_hi_fs2.vp' ... 1337 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\stu_fs2.vp' ... 2355 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango1_fs2.vp' ... 32 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango2_fs2.vp' ... 15 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\tango3_fs2.vp' ... 10 files
Searching root pack 'C:\GOG Games\Freespace 2\warble_fs2.vp' ... 52 files
Searching root 'y:\' ... 4 files
Found 21 roots and 15474 files.
Setting language to English
TBM => Starting parse of 'mv_root-lcl.tbm' ...
Initializing OpenAL...
OpenAL Vendor : Creative Labs Inc.
OpenAL Renderer : Software
OpenAL Version : 1.1
Found extension "ALC_EXT_EFX".
Sample rate: 44100 (44100)
EFX version: 1.0
Max auxiliary sends: 1
Playback device: Generic Software on Conexant HD Audio output
Capture device: Conexant HD Audio input
... OpenAL successfully initialized!
Initializing OpenGL graphics device at 1280x720 with 32-bit color...
Initializing WGL...
Requested WGL Video values = R: 8, G: 8, B: 8, depth: 24, stencil: 8, double-buffer: 1
Actual WGL Video values = R: 8, G: 8, B: 8, depth: 24, stencil: 8, double-buffer: 1
OpenGL Vendor : Intel
OpenGL Renderer : Intel Cantiga
OpenGL Version : 2.0.0 - Build 6.14.10.5068
Using extension "GL_EXT_fog_coord".
Using extension "GL_ARB_multitexture".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_env_add".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_compression".
Using extension "GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc".
Using extension "GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_env_combine".
Using extension "GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array".
Using extension "GL_EXT_draw_range_elements".
Unable to find extension "GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two".
Using extension "GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object".
Using extension "GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object".
Using extension "GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap".
Using extension "GL_EXT_framebuffer_object".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_rectangle".
Using extension "GL_EXT_bgra".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_cube_map".
Using extension "GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias".
Using extension "GL_ARB_point_sprite".
Using extension "GL_ARB_shading_language_100".
Using extension "GL_ARB_shader_objects".
Using extension "GL_ARB_vertex_shader".
Using extension "GL_ARB_fragment_shader".
Unable to find extension "GL_ATI_shader_texture_lod".
Using extension "GL_ARB_texture_float".
Unable to find extension "GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex".
Found special extension function "wglSwapIntervalEXT".
Max texture units: 8 (2)
Max elements vertices: 1024
Max elements indices: 1024
Max texture size: 4096x4096
Max render buffer size: 2048x2048
Can use compressed textures: YES
Texture compression available: YES
Post-processing enabled: NO
Using trilinear texture filter.
... OpenGL init is complete!
Size of bitmap info = 742 KB
Size of bitmap extra info = 48 bytes
ANI cursorweb with size 24x24 (25.0% wasted)
GRAPHICS: Initializing default colors...
Game Settings Table: Using Standard Loops For SEXP Arguments
Game Settings Table: Using standard event chaining behavior
Game Settings Table: External shaders are DISABLED
SCRIPTING: Beginning initialization sequence...
SCRIPTING: Beginning Lua initialization...
LUA: Opening LUA state...
LUA: Initializing base Lua libraries...
LUA: Beginning ADE initialization
ADE: Initializing enumeration constants...
ADE: Assigning Lua session...
SCRIPTING: Beginning main hook parse sequence....
Wokka! Error opening file (scripting.tbl)!
TABLES: Unable to parse 'scripting.tbl'! Error code = 5.
TBM => Starting parse of 'mv_flak-sct.tbm' ...
TBM => Starting parse of 'mv_exp-sct.tbm' ...
TBM => Starting parse of 'mv_dbrs-sct.tbm' ...
SCRIPTING: Inititialization complete.
SCRIPTING: Splash screen overrides checked
SCRIPTING: Splash hook has been run
SCRIPTING: Splash screen conditional hook has been run
Using high memory settings...
Wokka! Error opening file (interface.tbl)!
WMCGUI: Unable to parse 'interface.tbl'! Error code = 5.
TBM => Starting parse of 'mv_effects-sdf.tbm' ...
mv_effects-sdf.tbm(line 16): Error: Required token = [#END] or [$Species_Name:], found [$Countermeasure Type: Type One] .
ERROR: mv_effects-sdf.tbm(line 16):
Error: Required token = [#END] or [$Species_Name:], found [$Countermeasure Type: Type One] .
File: parselo.cpp
Line: 336
Int3(): From c:\code\fs2_open_3_7_0\code\globalincs\windebug.cpp at line 1253
you should also move your install to C:\Games\FreeSpace2 (cutting out the GoG subfolder) to prevent an occasional error caused by long path names, but unless I'm dumb, your error is definitely caused by not having a new enough build.
If you keep getting the error with the new build selected in the launcher, please post another debug log.